Lecture #9 Flashcards
In ________________________________________ studies, individuals of different ages are compared at the same time, while in ___________________________________ studies, the same individuals compared at various times in their lives.
Cross-Sectional, Longitudinal
_______________________________________ are substances, agents, and events that can cause birth defects. The embryonic stage is a particularly sensitive time for these kinds of issues.
Teratogens
________________________________________ is any relatively stable change in thought, behavior, or physical growth that is due to the aging process and not experience.
Maturation
A ________________________________ period is a specific time in development during which certain experiences must occur for normal development to take place, while a _________________________________ period is a stage during which certain experiences have a greater effect on development than they would have if they had occurred at another time.
Critical, Sensitive
__________________________________________ was a Swiss researcher whose observations and writings about his own children and others have been highly influential on developmental psychology. He posited the idea that children go through developmental stages.
Jean Piget
In Vygotsky’s ___________________ __________ ____________________________________ __________________________________, mentoring and guidance allow a child to expand their abilities. Scaffolding is a key element at this time.
Zone of Proximal Development
________________________________________ is a social and emotional bond between infant and caregiver that spans time and space.
Attachment
________________________________ _____________________________________ are beliefs about differences in the behaviors, abilities, and personality traits of males and females.
Gender Stereotypes
In the progression of _________________________________ disease, you see increasing confusion with daily tasks, loss of memory of recent events, loss of older memories, marked confusion, helplessness, and finally death.
Alzheimer’s
In the __________________________________________ effect, offering extrinsic reward can actually diminish intrinsic motivation.
Overjustification
________________________________________________________ aggression is aggression toward another organism when formerly reinforced responses are no longer reinforced. An example would be a dog who attacks a cage-mate when a normal reward is withheld for a prolonged time.
Extinction-Induced
_______________________________ nervosa involves overly limited food intake and obsessive exercise, while ______________________________ nervosa involves food binges followed by self-induced vomiting and/or use of laxatives.
Anorexia, Bulimia
___________________________________, which are hormones typically associated with sexual functioning in males, increase interest in sexual behavior more than a placebo, but placebo can increase sexual behavior, too, showing the influence of psychological factors on sexual behavior.
Androgens
