Lecture #7

Question 0

The ___________ pathway to the visual association cortex processes “what” information, like explicit and episodic memories.

Answer 0

Ventral

Question 1

A _______________ is an area of a sensory field in which the presentation of stimuli will produce an alteration in the firing rate of a particular “upstream” neuron.

Answer 1

Receptive Field

Question 2

The __________ pathway processes “where” or “how” information such as implicit or procedural memories.

Answer 2

Dorsal

Question 3

______________ results from damage to the ventral pathway to the visual association cortex, specifically the Fusiform Face Area. When people have this condition, they cannot recognize faces.

Answer 3

Prosopagnosia

Question 4

A _________ is a visual stimulus that is perceived as an object, while the __________ is a visual stimulus that is perceived as a background against which we see objects. There are relative concepts. The focus of individuals can even vary by culture!

Answer 4

Figure, Ground

Question 5

_______________are like special memories of things we’ve seen previously. The idea is that we compare the new thing we are seeing to these memories.

Answer 5

Templates

Question 6

___________________________________ are similar to templates, but some difference (disparity) between what we saw before and what we are seeing now is acceptable. It’s more like we are comparing what we are seeing now to the distinctive features of a category in our memory.

Answer 6

Prototypes

Question 7

_______________________________ ________________________________ theories of perceptual processing compare brain processes to computer processing.

Answer 7

Artificial Intelligence

Question 8

In depth perception, _____________________________ cues rely on the use of both eyes, while ___________________________________ cues require the use of only one eye.

Answer 8

Binocular, Monocular

Question 9

The _______________ _____________________________________ is the perception of movement caused by the turning on and off of two or more lights, one at a time, in sequence. You can often see this phenomenon on road construction signs, and it’s the reason objects in movies and on television seem to move.

Answer 9

Phi Phenomenon

Question 10

______________________________________________ is the active process of locating and using information stored in memory.

Answer 10

Retrieval

Question 11

___________________________________________ memory holds representations of the physical features of a stimulus and stores this information for a very brief duration.

Answer 11

Sensory

Question 12

The _______________________________________ effect occurs when you remember the last thing you read, saw, or heard in a series of stimuli. It is theorized that your short-term memory is responsible for this effect.

Answer 12

Recency

Question 13

The _______________________________________ effect occurs when you remember the first thing you read, saw, or heard in a series of stimuli. It is theorized that your long-term memory is responsible for this effect.

Answer 13

Primacy

Question 14

How we encode information affects later retrieval. This phenomenon, known as ___________________________________ ______________________________________, makes it so that context cues, including emotional and physiological states as well as objects in the environment, can assist retrieval of our memories.

Answer 14

Encoding Specificity

Question 15

____________________________________ rehearsal involves rote verbal repetition, or just saying something over and over, while _______________________________ rehearsal involves meaningful processing of information and forming associations with previously stored memories.

Answer 15

Maintenance, Elaborative

Question 16

Explicit memories can be divided into two types. ________________________________ memories are like a record of life experiences, while ______________________________ memories consist of data, facts, and vocabulary.

Answer 16

Episodic, Semantic

Question 17

When a person experiences _______________________________________________ interference, recently learned information interferes with their ability to recall older information, but when a person experiences ____________________________________ interference, previously learned information interferes with their ability to remember new information.

Answer 17

Retroactive, Proactive

Question 18

In the __________________________________________________ phenomenon, a person experiences an occasional problem with retrieval of information they are sure they know but can’t immediately remember. Retrieval cues (context) may facilitate remembering.

Answer 18

Tip-of-the-Tongue

Question 19

_________________________________ are mental frameworks for organizing knowledge. They can help us encode information on a deeper (meaningful) level, but they may also impair our ability to encode new information properly because we are trying to fit the new information into one incorrectly.

Answer 19

Schemas