Lecture #8 Flashcards
____________________________________ ____________________ is the delay between the initial sound of a consonant and the onset of vibration of the vocal cords. It can be the determining factor in why one phoneme sounds different from another.
Voice-Onset Time
_________________________________ are the minimal units of sound in a language, while __________________________________ are the minimal units of meaning in a language.
Phonemes, Morphemes
_________________________________ is another word for the rules of language or its grammar.
Syntax
_________________________________ involves changes in intonation and emphasis that convey meaning in speech beyond the meaning of words, such as the way we pause when talking or the inflection we use when asking questions.
Prosody
In _______________________________________ dyslexia, phonetic reading is generally intact, but irregularly spelled words present difficulties. It is an impairment in whole-word reading.
Surface
In _______________________________________ dyslexia, whole-word reading is generally intact, but phonetic reading is difficult. Unfamiliar and non-words present difficulties.
Phonological
____________________________________________________ is a branch of psychology that studies verbal behavior and related cognitive abilities.
Psycholinguistics
__________________________________ ___________________________________ are characteristics that can be found in all known languages.
Language Universals
Child-directed speech is also called _________________________________.
Motherese
__________________________________ are made-up words for objects or events that children create and use around one year of age. They utilize the phonemes of real speech.
Protowords
British psychologist Charles Spearman proposed a ______________________ factor of intelligence: the _________ factor.
General, G
_____________________________ _______________________________ of various IQ tests has shown that certain cognitive abilities fall into more overarching groups, such as verbal ability, short-term memory, and spatial ability.
Factor Analysis
_________________________ intelligence is the ability to detect relations in specified informational contexts, whereas ___________________________________ intelligence is the ability to use previously acquired information and skills.
Fluid, Crystallized
________________________________________________ contended that people don’t have one – or even a few – types of intelligence, but many. He believed that each type of intelligence was evolved and had distinct neurological underpinnings.
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligence
_____________________________ are averaged data from large groups of people that allow an individual to be compared to their peers.
Norms
