lecture 9

Question 1

describe hthe sx of hyperthymesia

Answer 1

recall every day of lives(autobiographical content)

no advantages in non-autobiographical content/mental tasks
newly discoverend

Question 2

memory errors explanation

memory network explination

Answer 2

each memory is connected to anoter memory which are storage specific BUT nothign seprates content on memory from each other

Question 3

connections serve as

Answer 3

retrivial paths

Question 4

shared connections make a memory less

Answer 4

distinguishable

Question 5

why are memories connected

Answer 5

they are part of that memory

Question 6

inclusion errors

ex: beach trip memory and family reunion
memory share connections, so intrusions can arise (here,
the family reunion took place during summer break) 10

Answer 6

other knowledge seems into the remembered event

Question 7

semantic knowledge

Answer 7

knowledge describing what is typical in a given situation

Question 8

whta do schemas help us with/ and dont help us with?

Answer 8

pros: remember what happened first

errors:
chema of the dentist might include waiting rooms with magazines
* With this general knowledge, you regularize the memory of this
particular event and remember magazines that weren’t there

Question 9

Misinformation effect

ex: me lyign and then later i only remember the lie instead of the truth

Answer 9

hear misleadining info, time passes, false info is inf=corperated into the memory

Question 10

implanted memory

entire events can be implanted into memory

Answer 10

event implanted in brain so person recalls something that never happened

plausible are easier vs implausible memories

Question 11

what are some events that cause implanting memories?

can cause ppl to admit crimes they did not do

Answer 11

repition, social pressure, high emotional events like a murder

Question 12

hypnosis and memory revival?

Answer 12

it reveals long lost memories

Question 13

memory confidence
what is confidence an indicator of?

Answer 13

memory accuracy

Question 14

conficende predicts memory accuracy if:

Answer 14

no reliable memory indicators are known
Confidence is influenced by factors beyond the memory itself
o Repetition can increase confidence without changing
accuracy

Question 15

forgetting

retention interval

Answer 15

amt of time elapsed between learning and subsequent retrivial

Question 16

pattern of remembering/retention in various intervals and SLOWLY FORGETTING is called

Answer 16

Ebbinghaus forgetting
curve

exponential decay

Question 17

decay theory of forgetting

Answer 17

memoryies may decade or errode forever

Question 18

Decay theory of forgetting

interference

Answer 18

learning may disrupt older memories,confuse network connections

Question 19

Decay theory of forgetting

retrivial failure

Answer 19

Memory is intact but cannot be accessed
* Can be partial (e.g., the tip-of-the-tongue [TOT]
effect

Question 20

hyponisis does not help people uncover forgotten memories

T or F?

Answer 20

true

Question 21

The cognitive interview procedure can
diminish forgetting

this includes context reinstatement

Answer 21

put whitness back in mindset they were when event happened

diverse retrivial cues trigger memories

Question 22

self-reference effect:

Answer 22

tendency to have better memory
for information relevant to oneself

Question 23

Self-schema:

Answer 23

beliefs/memories about oneself

Question 24

self refrencing

remember words that refer to mys;ef

fmri findings show

Answer 24

self-referential processing is associated
with activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (

Question 25

describe the pathway memory takes to emotion

Answer 25

emotional event
v
inc activitiy in amygidla promoting cememntation
v
inc activity in hypocampus inc better memory, narroing attn, inc rehersal
v
better consolidation occurs

Question 26

especially clear and long-
lasting memories for events

are called

are they always accurate?

how are they improved/altered?

Answer 26

flashbulb memories
NO

listening top other ppl’s accounts of the event, new info may change their og account

Question 27

flashbulb memories

Co-witness contamination

Answer 27

People sometimes “pick up”
new information in these conversations, which will be
absorbed into other witnesses’ memory
36

Question 28

traumatic memories

describe their charactistics

Answer 28

very vivid, high stress/arousal @ event time, stress interfers w/ retrivial

Question 29

traumatic memories

describe repression

Answer 29

Some think that traumatic memories can be “lost” and
then “recovered”
o Lost memories may be due to ordinary retrieval failure
o Some of the memories reported as “recovered” may be
actually be false memories
o Leading questions and expectations in therapy can
promote this process 37

Question 30

long term memories are stable or unstable?

when does forgetting occur?

Answer 30

stable over time

after 3 yrs, depends on how well est the memopry was wehn 1st leearned

Question 31

childhood amnesia

descide ages memories are rememebred or forgotten:

3-4
10-30

Answer 31

very few memories
10-30 is most remembered memories called resistend bump, very stong easy to remember

Question 32

general memories

Answer 32

Certain principles of autobiographical
memory reflect more general memory
principles
o All memories depend on connections
* Formation of schemata from individual
memory episodes
* Potential for intrusion errors and
susceptibility to misinformation
o Importance of rehearsal
– Other principles of autobiographical
memory may be distinct: the role of
emotion in shaping autobiographical
memory may be less applicable to other
kinds of memory