Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Life Sciences 2 > Lecture 9 > Flashcards

Lecture 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Epidemic/Outbreak

A

Disease occurrence among a population that is in excess of what is expected in a given place.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cluster

A

Group of cases in a specific time and place that might be more than expected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Endemic

A

Disease or condition present among a population at all times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pandemic

A

A disease or condition that spreads across regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

R0

A
  • Basic reproduction number
  • How many people each infected person will infect (how contagious)
  • < 1 the disease is controlled and not spreading too quickly.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Plague

A
  • Bacteria (gram -)
  • Host is a rodent, flea bites rodent and aquires the disease then the flea bites human. Humans can then transfer to others via droplets.
  • Flu symptoms, vomiting and swollen lymph nodes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Smallpox

A
  • Virus
  • Milkmaids who had gotten cowpox where protected from small pox.
  • Fatigue, abdominal pain, bumps with clear liquid which begins on face and hands then spread to the rest of the body.
  • Person to person via infective droplets.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tuberculosis

A
  • Bacteria (gram +)
  • Leading causing death from infections disease.
  • Slowly waste away, becoming pale and thin before dying.
  • Was considered fashionable.
  • Usually infects the lungs.
  • Chronic back pain (thoracic region)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Malaria

A
  • Protozoa
  • Mosquitos carry and bite people where the parasite enters the blood stream, it will invade red blood cells and destroys it.
  • Fatigue, fever, chills, headaches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cholera

A
  • Bacteria (gram -)
  • Water borne, so drinking contaminated water or food.
  • Will invade the small intestine where it released a toxin causing massive fluid loss resulting in shock then death.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Influenza

A
  • RNA virus
  • Muscle aches, fever, chills, fatigue
  • Human to human transmission, usually droplet.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pandemics

A
  • Asia Flu 1957-1959
  • Hong Kong flu 1968
  • Swine flu 2009
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Coronavirus

A
  • MERS, SARS and SARS-CoV2 virus
  • Droplet and airborne particles spread
  • R=2.5-9
  • Accesses host cells in the lungs via the receptor for the enzyme
    angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Spike protein attaches to cell and an endosome is released.
  • Fever, sore throat, loss of taste or smell, tired, headache, diarrhoea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HIV/Aids

A
  • Virus
  • Unprotected sex, needle sharing, blood products.
  • Affects T cells and weakens immune system.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Measles

A
  • RNA virus
  • Infectious droplet and airborne spread
  • Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, rash and fatigue.
  • Lifelong immunity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mad Cow Disease

A
  • Prion (small piece of protein)
  • Cattle eat remains of other cattle/sheep as food and humans eat these infected cows.
    Mortality rate = 100%
    -
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rabies

A
  • Virus
  • Mortality close to 100%
  • Neurological symptoms, salivation
  • Animal bite
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Reye Disease

A
  • The exact cause is not known, but it often occurs in children recovering from a virus — like chickenpox — especially if aspirin was administered
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Factors of Influence of Infectious Diseases

A
  • Population increases: Poverty, malnutrition, poor sanitation
  • Habitat incursion
  • Climate change expands habitat of vectors
  • Drug resistance; resistance to insecticides
  • Mutation enhancement?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Bacterial Meningitis

A
  • Bacteria
    -Onset of headache, flu-like symptoms.
  • Glass test is used to identify meningitis rash as it does not fade under pressure.
21
Q

Viral Meningitis

A
  • Virus
  • Milder than bacteria
  • No rash
  • More common
22
Q

Herpes Zoster

A
  • Virus
  • Also known as shingles
  • Blistering skin eruption
  • Often occurs in adults.
23
Q

Septic Athritis

A

-Typically in children and teenagers
- Post joint replacement surgery
- Often occurs in knees

24
Q

Osteomyelitis

A
  • Less likely then septic but has the same features
  • Not necessarily in joint
25
Q

Brain Abscess

A
  • Bacteria, fungi and parasite
  • Collection of pus in brain tissue
26
Q

Ross River

A
  • Mosquito borne virus
  • Often no symptoms
27
Q

Ringworm and Impetigo

A
  • Ringworm is a fungal infection
  • Impetigo is a bacterial infection
28
Q

Cellulitis

A
  • Bacterial infection in deep skin layers.
  • Red, pain, swelling
29
Q

Guillain Barre Syndrome

A
  • Microbe induced auto immune response, usually viral.
  • Begins with weakness, fatigue, parasthesias.
30
Q

Define the term epidemic, endemic, pandemic

A

Epidemic:
- Also known as an outbreak, disease occurrence among a population that is in
excess of what is expected in a give time or place

Endemic:
- Disease or condition present among a population at all times

Pandemic:
- A disease or condition that spreads across regions

31
Q

Which infectious disease has been known as the deadliest, per population capita? Describe its cause, host, disease transmission and symptoms.

A
  • The Black Death
  • Caused by gram negative bacteria Yersinia Pestis
  • Host is a rodent
  • Transmitted by fleas which bite rodents and acquire disease. Fleas then bite human.
  • Human transmit to human via respiratory droplets in pneumonic form.
  • Symptoms include: vomiting, swollen lymph nodes
32
Q

By which transmission methods are individuals infected with cholera? How does the disease could potentially lead to death?

A
  • Cholera is caused by a gram negative bacteria, Vibrio cholera. It is water borne,
    transmitted by drinking contaminated water or eating contaminated food (e.g. salads)
  • The bacteria invades the small intestine, releases toxin causing massive fluid loss via
    diarrhea, leading to profound dehydration (loss of water, electrolytes including sodium,
    chloride, potassium and bicarbonate) and death.
33
Q

Which disease was considered fashionable in the late 19th century?

A

Tuberculosis

34
Q

Tuberculosis most commonly affects which organ?

A

Lungs

35
Q

Which infectious disease is transmitted by a mosquito and resides in the liver then blood cells?

A

Malaria

36
Q

Which protein on the surface of the SARS2Covid 19 virus is of most infective importance?

A

Spike protein

37
Q

Which infectious disease is thought to have crossed to humans from African primates?

A

AIDS

38
Q

What infectious disease has the highest R value?

A

-Measles

39
Q

Name 2 infective diseases with virtually 100% mortality.

A
  • Mad cow disease
  • Rabies
40
Q

People with sickle cell anaemia are immune from what infectious disease? And why?

A

Malaria, because of the shape of the blood cells in sickle cell anemia people.

41
Q

What infectious disease is worsened by the ingestion of aspirin?

A

Reye disease

42
Q

Which childhood disease usually gives lifelong immunity once infected?

A

Measles

43
Q

The glass test helps diagnose which infection?

A

Meningitis

44
Q

Which neck movement is most restricted with meningitis?

A

Flexion (neck stiffness due to bacterial meningitis)

45
Q

Photophobia is a classic symptom of which condition?

A

Bacterial meningitis

46
Q

Which spinal region is a common location for Herpes zoster reactivation?

A

Spinal dorsal root ganglia

47
Q

Which peripheral joint is a common site of septic arthritis?

A

Knees

48
Q

Septic arthritis most commonly occurs in which age demographic?

A

Children and teenagers

49
Q

Which part of the nervous system does Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) typically effect?

A

Myelin sheath

Life Sciences 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions