Lecture 9

Question 1

Emotion, motivation and behaviour

Guyton Medical Physiology: “A thought probably results from the momentary pattern of stimulation of many different parts of the nervous system at the same time, probably involving most importantly the cerebral cortex, the thalamus, the limbic system and the upper reticular formation of the brain stem”.

Enormous degree of complexity in neuronal activity

Question 2

For emotions, motivation and behaviour, what is needed?

Answer 2

An interacting network is needed: limbic system

Question 3

For emotions, motivation and behaviour
What parts of the brain?

Answer 3

Portion of:
lobes of the cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 4

Feeling (anger, fear, happiness) + physical responses/behavioural pattern associated (laughing, crying, blushing)

Question 5

Question 6

Stimulation of limbic system during brain surgery can

Answer 6

elicit various emotions

Question 7

Amygdala

Answer 7

processing inputs that lead to the sensation of fear

Question 8

Anger:

Answer 8

hypothalamus controls heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure etc

Question 9

Smiling:

Answer 9

stereotypical sequence of movement for expression of smiling can be elicited by the limbic system

Question 10

Cortex:

Answer 10

refines instinctive response

Question 11

Link between emotions and physiological functions

Question 12

Question 13

Limbic System is not a

Answer 13

separate structure but a ring of forebrain structures that surround the brain stem

Question 14

Limbic system includes

Answer 14

portions of the hypothalamus and other forebrain structures that encircle brain stem

Question 15

Limbic system responsible for

Answer 15

Emotion
Basic, inborn behavioral patterns related to survival and perpetuation of the species
Plays important role in motivation and learning

Question 16

Motivation is the

Answer 16

Ability to direct behaviour goal specifically

Question 17

1. Homeostatic drives (eg thirst)

Answer 17

Influenced by experience, learning and habit
Reward and punishment centers in defined regions of limbic system (self-stimulation device experiments)
Facilitated by neurotransmitters: norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonine and acetylcholine
- Reuptake inhibitor effects: cocain-dopamine
- Serotonine or norepinephrine deficiencydepression

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Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Answer 23

Extracellular current flow arising from electrical activity within cerebral cortex detected by EEG
Record of postsynaptic activity in cortical neurons
“Brain waves”
- Represent momentary collective postsynapic potential activity (EPSPs and IPSPs)

Question 24

Electroencephalogram (EEG)
3 Major uses

Answer 24

Clinical tool in diagnosis of cerebral dysfunction
Used in legal determination of brain death
Used to distinguish various stages of sleep

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Function of sleep

Answer 31

-is unclear
(restoration, recovery, learning, memory, consolidation, energy conservation)
- 1/3 of life time

Question 32

Sleep-wake cycle

Answer 32

Normal cyclic variation in awareness of surroundings
Sleeping people are not consciously aware of external world

Question 33

Active process consisting of two types of sleep characterized by different EEG patterns and different behaviors

Answer 33

Slow-wave sleep
Paradoxical, or REM sleep

Question 34

Note that the EEG pattern during paradoxical sleep is similar to that of an alert, awake person, whereas the pattern during slow-wave sleep displays distinctly different waves

Question 35

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