Lecture 9 Flashcards
Where does femenism emerge from?
Emerged from broader historical women’s rights movements, from the three waves. Into IR from the 1980’s and western-centric.
What was included in the first feminism wave?
To open up opportunities for women, with a focus on suffrage
What was included in the second feminism wave?
Focused on issues of equality and discrimination.
What was included in the third feminism wave?
Greatly focused on reproductive rights for women. Feminists advocated for a woman’s right to make her own choices about her body and stated that it was a basic right to have access to birth control and abortion
What is hegemonic masculinity?
Tackling binary oppositions in the social
construction of gender.
Serves as an analytical instrument to identify those attitudes and practices among men that perpetuate gender inequality, involving both men’s domination over women and the power of some men over other (often minority groups of) men
- state as the main organiser of womans life
can feminism be viewed as a critical perspective?
It depends on how one defines ‘critical’ (e.g. positivist epistemology of liberal feminist IR), but must be viewed as a perspetive instead of a theory/ideology
What is the role of feminism in IR?
● Critiques (mainly positivist) IR theories for failing to account for role of gender, but also liberal.
● Encompasses but goes beyond formal representation (e.g. in political leadership, business)
● Critical feminists highlight social, economic and political relationships that structure patriarchy (e.g. gendered division of labour; differential valuing of productive vs. reproductive labour)
● Critique feminists try to take down the hegemonic masculinity
● Postcolonial feminists highlight centrality of gender to colonialism and its many legacies, resist universal understandings of women’s needs, the intersection
● Poststructuralist feminists focus on meaning codified in discourse (gender as a ‘corporeal style’), to perform a corporalist behaviour (women should also wear jeans instead of skirts)
What is the feminist perspective on ‘International’ Concepts
State as the ‘main organiser of the power relations of gender’ (Peterson 1992)
● Militaries as vehicles to reproduce hegemonic masculinity
● International structure constituted by socially constructed gender hierarchies (Sjoberg 2012)
● Development as a discourse that can establish or reinforce patriarchy (Ryan 2018)
● Economies built on gendered ‘double burden’ (Xhaho, Çaro & Bailey 2021)
● Security as a discourse that can reproduce gendered binaries (Shepherg 2008)
What is “double burden”
Having work and home responsibilities
What is “double burden”
Having work and home responsibilities
What is logics of protection theory?
● Places a masculine protector in position of responsibility over vulnerable feminine protectee
● Plural and varies across circumstances
● Relational (dependent on co-construction of protector, protected, but also of the unprotected and the unprotectable)
● Naturalised as ‘common sense’ and used to justify the use of force, intervention, and maintenance of the status quo
What is a parrhesiaste?
Someone who takes a risk and has the courage to say the truth in the face of some danger.
What is the Parrhesiastic Resistance?
Females/activists/minorities/”the protected” withdraws their “security” by the state for telling the truth
