Lecture 10 Flashcards
What where the time periods of the three democracy waves?
First wave: 1828-1926. Idustrilazation, WW1,
Second wave: 1945-162; Post- WW2, decolonization
Third wave: 1974-?; revolutions in the 70s, further decolisation
What is a ‘hybrid regim’?
A democracy + competitive authoritarianism (non democratic things.)
a faux democracy with elements trying to undermine democracy
What are ‘Recessionists’?
Highlight accelerating democratic
breakdown, erosion of freedoms (particularly in ‘swing states’), authoritarian resurgence, retreat of Western democracy.
undermining democracy by fraud, undermining the judiciary
no intrrest in western democracy
How is populism characterised by IR?
● Populism exploits the tension between majority rule and individual rights/protections that is inherent to
liberal democracy
● Ideological and discursive interpretations of populism
● Quick ‘wins’ that privilege majority but may endanger future prosperity and/or threaten minorities or individuals
● Emphasise cultural traits and interests of ‘common people’ while demonising ‘others’ and ‘elites’
● Legitimation through appeals to majority will (e.g. referendums, mass gatherings) with little concern for
checks and balances
What is the history of election monitoring?
in 1956 started with monitoring togoland independency election to see if it was legitimate.
1980s: Election observation becomes extension of peacekeeping duties.
● Monitoring performed today by wide range of states, IGOs and NGOs (EU)
● Increased election observations led to calls for standardisation of criteria
what is Freedom in IR theory?
Rules of the game.
freedom of speech, infomation, freedom of movement
What is Fairness in IR theory?
Whether the the rules are enforced
impartially.
Are rights realised by all groups?
Are electoral processes impartial? Are all groups subject to electoral laws?
How are electoral resources distributed?
Are opportunities for exposure
equitable?
What are important factors for the election precess?
Pre-election: Freedom of movement, speech, assembly, right of association, impartial application of laws,
distribution of resources.
● Election day: Freedom from coercion, right to vote,
impartial electoral staff, right AND opportunity to vote.
● Post-election: Non-fraudulent transparent counting, prompt reporting of counts, process to dispute results,
opposition acceptance of results and (if relevant) peaceful transfer of power
