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An Sc 376 > Lecture 9/10 - Assessing Animal Welfare > Flashcards

Lecture 9/10 - Assessing Animal Welfare Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most important factor forcing intensive production

A

Economic pressures

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2
Q

What are some recommendations from the brambell report

A

Training, empathy of caretakers, hiring policy

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3
Q

What were the original five freedoms

A

Stand up, lie down, turn around, groom themselves and stretch limbs

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4
Q

What was missing from the original five freedoms?

A

Mental health

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5
Q

What are the cons of the five freedoms

A

Means “as free as possible”

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6
Q

What are the five freedoms

A

Hunger, thirst
Discomfort
Pain, injury, disease
Normal behaviour
Fear and distress

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7
Q

How did the five freedoms evolve

A

Freedoms to domains
Freedoms to provisions to animal welfare aims

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8
Q

What are the five domains

A

Nutrition, environment, health, behaviour, mental state

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9
Q

What are the five provisions

A

Good nutrition, environment, health, behaviour, mental experiences

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10
Q

Animal welfare aims use the word

A

Minimize

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11
Q

When are animals feed restricted

A

Molting of chickens, breeding stock

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12
Q

What can feed/drink affect

A

Survival, performance, reproductive success

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13
Q

What is pain

A

Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage

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14
Q

What is nociception vs pain

A

Nociception = ability to feel negative stimuli
Pain = includes emotional experience, CNS process

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15
Q

How do you determine if an animal is in pain

A

Physiology, behaviour, sensory testing, grimace scale, lameness score, posture, gait, vocalization, activity

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16
Q

What does the grimace scale measure

A

Orbital tightening, cheek tension

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17
Q

Main concerns of pain?

A

Animal welfare issue
Metabolic changes
Immunosuppression

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18
Q

What are motivational states. Example?

A

States in brain that determine likelihood/intensity of behavioural pattern (e.g. pregnant sow making nest)

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19
Q

What does being unable to satisfy motivational states lead to

A

Frustration, aversive

20
Q

Why assess animal welfare?

A

Required by retailers/restaurants
Required for research
Transparency
Credibility

21
Q

Point of assessing animal welfare? Improve/identify…

A

Improve it
Identify best practices
Identify areas of opportunity
Assess with how animals are managed
Certify a facility

22
Q

Who assesses animal welfare

A

Producers, vets, auditing orgs, scientists

23
Q

What are the two forms of assessment

A

Internal, external (second/third party)

24
Q

What is the critical level in animal welfare

A

Separates acceptability from unacceptability

25
Q

What is a random audit

A

Unplanned or unannounced

26
Q

What is a second party assessment

A

Performed by customer/other body that gains from assessment (e.g. retailer

27
Q

What is a third party audit

A

Performed by auditing/certification body, independent body

28
Q

What is a trigger audit

A

Follows a trigger (complain/non-compliance)

29
Q

Benefits of self assessment?

A

Measure continuous improvement
Measure benefits of efforts

30
Q

Self assessment negatives?

A

Bias, “barn blindness”

31
Q

Benefits of second party assessment?

A

Promote partnerships, understanding
Prep for third party
Verify requirements are followed

32
Q

Goal of third party audit?

A

Validate program
Evaluate care/welfare
Tool for processors, retail
No education

33
Q

What are the different tiers of business benchmark

A

Gold: leading in commitment (3 policies) and transparency
Silver: significant C and T
Bronze: some C and T
Fourth: significant C, no T
Fifth: some C, no T
Sixth: no C, some T
Seven: none of either

34
Q

What Canadian food brands are in tier two

A

Only Cargill and Maple leafs

35
Q

Three types of AW assessment?

A

Input/resourced based measures (environment)
Animal/outcome based measures
Management based measures

36
Q

What is the animal/outcome based measure? Advantage/disadvantage?

A

Assess stage of the animal
Body condition scores
Adv: directly related to AW, easy/reliable, diversity
Dis: costly, time, training, no indication of cause

37
Q

What is the input/resource based measures? Advantages/disadvantages?

A

Assess animals environment
Adv: easy, useful if factor affects welfare, well chose criteria can prevent welfare problems
Dis: no flexibility

38
Q

What is the management based measure? Advantages/disadvantages

A

assess overall level of management
Adv: assess practices
Dis: not direct measure of AW, extensive record keeping

39
Q

How do we rank which disease most affects AW

A

Severity, duration, incidence

40
Q

What are the four questions when developing AW measures

A

Practical?
Does it tell you something important?
Can you get the same answer another way?
Influence by weather, season, time, day?

41
Q

Steps to establishing measures?

A
  1. Measure (gait score, body condition)
  2. Risk factors (genotype, history, stocking density, conditions, nutrition)
  3. Inform
  4. Improve (restriction, breeding)
42
Q

Two scores for assessing cow welfare?

A

Body condition, hindquarter cleanliness

43
Q

Other methods: what are the minimalistic and comprehensive approaches to AW assessment

A

Minimalistic: identify small # of indicators to predict AW
Comprehensive: several indicators/protocols to predict AW = truer assessment

44
Q

Stress vs distress?

A

Stress= causes change in physiological homeostasis or psychological wellbeing
Distress= aversive state in which coping does not return organism to homeostasis

45
Q

Causes of stress?

A

Physical, physiological, psychological

An Sc 376 (11 decks)

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