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An Sc 376 > Lecture 13 - Physiology of Distress in Animals > Flashcards

Lecture 13 - Physiology of Distress in Animals Flashcards

1
Q

Anthropocentric vs anthropomorphic

A

Anthropocentric = man has dominion
Anthropomorphic = man has no dominion

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2
Q

Green benefits of increasing animal welfare

A

Increased efficiency, reduces CO2 footprint

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3
Q

How many kg CO2 are formed for 1kg beef

A

25kg

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4
Q

What are the three stress models

A

Environmental, psychological, biological

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5
Q

What is the environmental stress model

A

Event based (life is a stressor)
Non parametric scale of measurement (e.g. social readjustment rating scale, job loss=20)

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6
Q

What is the psychological stress model

A

Perception based
Perceived stress scale
“Rank pain from 1-10”

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7
Q

What is the biological stress model

A

Hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal
Alarm->resistance->fatigue

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8
Q

What did Dr Hans Selye do

A

Classical stress theory (rat adrenals)

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9
Q

Describe HPA briefly

A

Stressor activates hypothalamus which activates pituitary which activates adrenals

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10
Q

What is the steady state stress model

A

Alarm -> resistance -> fatigue

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11
Q

Four lobes of brain?

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

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12
Q

Is fear psychological or measurable?

A

Both? Now can measure through MRI

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13
Q

What is the site in the brain for fear

A

Amygdala

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14
Q

Are pain and fear seperate?

A

Can be
But can also have one without the other

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15
Q

Four types of fear

A

Innate (spider)
Novelty (cave)
Experience
Observed in others

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16
Q

What are the affective states for measuring distress

A

Cortisol, behaviour, aversion, preference, normal/abnormal, HR

17
Q

How do we measure cortisol level?

A

Salivary (horse) or fecal
Orthodontic dental sink (tooth cap absorbing cortisol)

18
Q

Three non-invasive measurements of stress

A

Salivary cortisol, behavioural observations, infrared thermography

19
Q

Are physical or psychological stressors more stressful?

A

Psychological

20
Q

Treatment that most increased plasma corticoid?

A

Transport (1 week)

21
Q

What happens when observing under IRT an animal in distress

A

Drop in temperature of inner eye

22
Q

How does IRT indicate best show jumpers in competition

A

Lower eye temperature before/during competition = better performance
Can also indicate when horse is ready to compete again

23
Q

How does change in temperature work (acute vs chronic stress)

A

Acute will lead to drop in temperature, once hypothalamus registers stressor it increases temperature to produce energy to counter it

Chronic stress leads to HPA fatigue which leads to decrease in temperature

24
Q

Why does the temperature reaction to chronic stress cause problem?

A

Decrease in temperature, so people might not think animal is stressed (e.g. over long transport)

25
Q

IRT difference between efficient and non-efficient pig

A

Non-efficient is bright red, losing lots of energy

26
Q

How do infrared and salivary cortisol change over transport

A

Both (cortisol and temperature) increase

27
Q

Effect of long term transport on temp

A

Decrease because energy is all expended during transport (HPA fatigue)

28
Q

Anion gap measurement over 8h transport?

A

Large negative ion gap

29
Q

Is IRT good for early disease detection

A

Most efficient out of any

30
Q

How do you increase accuracy of the measurement

A

Combine two non-invasive measurements (e.g. IRT and Behaviour fidget)

31
Q

Why should we early detect?

A

Lower treatment cost, better treatment efficacy, reduced risk of antibiotic restistance, improved animal performance/welfare/food safety

32
Q

What physiological impacts for transportations tress have

A

Protein degradation, dehydration, ion imbalance

33
Q

Benefits of nutritional therapy?

A

Decreases stress (decreased cortisol, better carcass yield, lower infrared temperature)

34
Q

How does environment lighting affect stress?

A

Natural lighting = lower basal cortisol, lower response to transport, better lean yield

35
Q

How does environmental enrichment improve welfare

A

Decreases aggression

36
Q

How do we keep stress levels down in bison before death

A

Use of mobile abattoir = more tender meat, less bruising

37
Q

Why do we care about AW

A

Sentient species, pragmatic, economic, diet, environmental

38
Q

Good news about AW science?

A

Science/precision farming used to improve welfare

An Sc 376 (11 decks)

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