Lecture 8B - Strep. pneumoniae (Dr. Daniels)

Question 1

What is another name for Streptococcus Pneumoniae?

Answer 1

Pneumococcus

Question 2

Describe pneumococcus.

Answer 2

Gram +
diplococci
aerotolerant anaerobe
non-spore forming
encapsulated

Question 3

How many ppl die annually from pneumonia?

Answer 3

1 million

Question 4

Hemolysis classification of pneumococcus?

Answer 4

Alpha-hemolytic

Question 5

Catalase test of pneumococcus?

Answer 5

catalase -

Question 6

What is pneumococcus susceptible to? (forms a “ring of inhibition”)

Answer 6

optochin

Question 7

pneumococcus ENCOUNTER

Answer 7

young children

nasopharynx

Question 8

pneumococcus ENTRY

Answer 8

lower airway

Question 9

Risk factors for pneumococcal entry

Answer 9

viral infection (flu)
smoking
loss of consciousness (aspiration)
edema (fluid) in lungs
seasonality (winter/spring)
elderly, HIV, alcoholism, african-american, certain cencers, etc.

Question 10

What are the 4 stages of pathogenesis for pneumococcus?

Answer 10

1. Alveoli fill with fluid
2. Early consolidation phase
   
   • PMNs abscess the lung
3. Late consolidation phase
   
   • tissue is solid instead of spongy (hepatization)
4. Recovery Phase
   
   • macrophages phagocytose debris
     - normal function is reestablished.

Good outlook for patients

Question 11

What are 3 other diseases caused by pneumococcus?

Answer 11

OTITIUS MEDIA in children

PLEURAL EFFUSION and BACTEREMIA in adults

Question 12

What is OTITUS MEDIA?

Answer 12

middle ear infection

Question 13

what is PLEURALL EFFUSION?

Answer 13

fluid in chest outside the lungs

Question 14

What can bacteremia cause?

Answer 14

Meningitis

Question 15

How do we diagnose pneumococcal infection?

Answer 15

1. Presumptively from gram-stained sputum (mucous)

2. Culture

Question 16

What is the hemolytic classification of Streptococcous pneumoniae?

Answer 16

alpha

Question 17

What is the hemolytic classification of Group a strep?

Answer 17

Beta

Question 18

Penicillins and other Beta lactams treat Group A (Beta) strep. Do they treat pneumococcus, an alpha strep?

Answer 18

No. they are resistant to beta lactams like penicillin

Question 19

If pneumococcus is resistant to beta lactams, which two drugs do we use to treat it?

Answer 19

1. Macrolides

2. Flourorquinolones

Question 20

what are pneumococcal vaccines made of?

Answer 20

polysaccharide antigens from capsules of multiple strains of S. pneumoniae

Question 21

Who should get pneumococcal vaccines?

Answer 21

children 2-15 months get 4 doses
all adults older than 65
adults younger than 65 if @ risk

Question 22

Pneumonia kills more people in USA each year than all other vaccine-preventable diseases combined!

Answer 22

Whoa!