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BD > Lecture 8.29.16 - Pain > Flashcards

Lecture 8.29.16 - Pain Flashcards

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1
Q

What is pain?

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage

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2
Q

What are the three categories of pain?

A
  1. Acute and chronic
  2. Adaptive and maladaptive
  3. Nociceptive and neuropathic
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3
Q

What is acute pain?

A

Pain that is primarily a symptom of pathological process or injury. Treating the illness or injury typically will reduce or eliminate symptoms.

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4
Q

What is the duration of acute pain?

A

Less than 6 months

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5
Q

How does adaptive pain contribute to survival?

A

Protecting from injury and promoting healing when injury has occurred

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6
Q

What is a nerve fiber that responds only to pain stimuli?

A

Nociceptor

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7
Q

What is the biomedical model of pain assessment and management?

A
  1. Patient presentation
  2. Formulate possible diagnoses
  3. Evaluation
  4. Management
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8
Q

Pain severity is the consider the 5th ___.

A

Vital sign

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9
Q

What is the name of the scale that measures pain severity?

A

Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

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10
Q

What is chronic pain?

A

Pain which lasts beyond the ordinary duration of time that an insult or injury to the body needs to heal

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11
Q

What is the duration of chronic pain?

A

> 3-6 months

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12
Q

Acute pain evolves into chronic pain in about ___% of patients.

A

20%

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13
Q

What is maladaptive pain?

A

Considered a disease, involves pathologic functioning of the nervous system, no longer helpful to the person

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14
Q

Chronic pain can be ___ (comes and goes) or ___.

A

Episodic; constant

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15
Q

___% of patients self reported chronic pain.

A

50%

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16
Q

Chronic pain displays a prevalence of ___% in children and adolescents.

A

15-30%

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17
Q

What are the 5 common causes of chronic pain in adults?

A

Back pain, headaches, arthritis, fibromyalgia, neuropathy

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18
Q

Children experience chronic pain in what three areas?

A

Head, abdomen, limbs

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19
Q

True or false - chronic or persistent pain usually has a clearly identified cause.

A

False - many patients experience chronic or persistent pain without a clearly identified cause

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20
Q

Almost half of visits to primary care physicians were prompted by symptoms without a ___ cause.

A

Biomedical

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21
Q

True or false - most patients with chronic pain seek medical attention.

A

False - many patients with chronic pain do not seek medical attention

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22
Q

In addition to biology, what should be considered when treating chronic pain?

A

Individual variables, prior experiences, and social context

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23
Q

Describe the biopsychosocial pain assessment.

A
  1. Pain
  2. Comorbid symptoms
  3. Affective vulnerability
  4. Beliefs and attitudes
  5. Environment and social
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24
Q

What are the some of the consequences of chronic pain?

A
  1. None
  2. Quality of life (physical and psychosocial)
  3. Economic
  4. General health (immune system suppression)
  5. Effect on family/friends/relationships
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25
What is a pattern of behavioral or cognitive efforts to manage external or internal stress?
Coping
26
What are active coping strategies?
Despite pain efforts to function and despite pain efforts to distract oneself
27
What are passive coping strategies?
Depending on others for help in pain control and restriction of activities
28
What are the 5 major behavioral aspects of chronic pain?
Anxiety, depression, anger, feelings of helplessness, pain catastrophizing
29
What do patients in pain want from their physicians?
To be believed, answers, relief, return to function
30
What are the 3 questions asked by the PEG 3-scale?
1. Describe your pain on average in the last week. 2. Describe how pain has interfered with you enjoyment of life in the last week. 3. Describe how pain has interfered with your general activity in the last week.
31
What do patients in pain fear?
They will not be believed, pain is a sign of something bad, pain is going to get worse, pain will never go away, they will get addicted to pain medications
32
True or false - chronic pain is poorly managed by medications alone.
True
33
What are a class of synthetic or semi-synthetic prescription drug derived from opium poppy?
Opiods
34
True or false - there is generally no role for opioids in chronic, non-cancer pain management.
True
35
What are some therapeutic approaches to chronic pain?
Non-opioid medications, exercise, physical/occupational therapy, complementary/alternative therapies, interventional pharmacotherapies, behavioral medicine approaches
36
True or false - it is common for older patients to deny pain.
True
37
What are the three categories of pain?
1. Acute and chronic 2. Adaptive and maladaptive 3. Nociceptive and neuropathic
38
What is acute pain?
Pain that is primarily a symptom of pathological process or injury. Treating the illness or injury typically will reduce or eliminate symptoms.
39
What is the duration of acute pain?
Less than 3 months
40
How does adaptive pain contribute to survival?
Protecting from injury and promoting healing when injury has occurred
41
What is a nerve fiber that responds only to pain stimuli?
Nociceptor
42
What is the biomedical model of pain assessment and management?
1. Patient presentation 2. Formulate possible diagnoses 3. Evaluation 4. Management
43
Pain severity is the consider the 5th ___.
Vital sign
44
What is the name of the scale that measures pain severity?
Visual Analog Scale (VAS)
45
What is chronic pain?
Pain which lasts beyond the ordinary duration of time that an insult or injury to the body needs to heal
46
What is the duration of chronic pain?
> 3-6 months
47
Acute pain evolves into chronic pain in about ___% of patients.
20%
48
What is maladaptive pain?
Considered a disease, involves pathologic functioning of the nervous system, no longer helpful to the person
49
Chronic pain can be ___ (comes and goes) or ___.
Episodic; constant
50
___% of patients self reported chronic pain.
50%
51
Chronic pain displays a prevalence of ___% in children and adolescents.
15-30%
52
What are the 5 common causes of chronic pain in adults?
Back pain, headaches, arthritis, fibromyalgia, neuropathy
53
Children experience chronic pain in what three areas?
Head, abdomen, limbs
54
True or false - chronic or persistent pain usually has a clearly identified cause.
False - many patients experience chronic or persistent pain without a clearly identified cause
55
Almost half of visits to primary care physicians were prompted by symptoms without a ___ cause.
Biomedical
56
True or false - most patients with chronic pain seek medical attention.
False - many patients with chronic pain do not seek medical attention
57
In addition to biology, what should be considered when treating chronic pain?
Individual variables, prior experiences, and social context
58
Describe the biopsychosocial pain assessment.
1. Pain 2. Comorbid symptoms 3. Affective vulnerability 4. Beliefs and attitudes 5. Environment and social
59
What are the some of the consequences of chronic pain?
1. None 2. Quality of life (physical and psychosocial) 3. Economic 4. General health (immune system suppression) 5. Effect on family/friends/relationships
60
What is a pattern of behavioral or cognitive efforts to manage external or internal stress?
Coping
61
What are active coping strategies?
Despite pain efforts to function and despite pain efforts to distract oneself
62
What are passive coping strategies?
Depending on others for help in pain control and restriction of activities
63
What are the 5 major behavioral aspects of chronic pain?
Anxiety, depression, anger, feelings of helplessness, pain catastrophizing
64
What do patients in pain want from their physicians?
To be believed, answers, relief, return to function
65
What are the 3 questions asked by the PEG 3-scale?
1. Describe your pain on average in the last week. 2. Describe how pain has interfered with you enjoyment of life in the last week. 3. Describe how pain has interfered with your general activity in the last week.
66
What do patients in pain fear?
They will not be believed, pain is a sign of something bad, pain is going to get worse, pain will never go away, they will get addicted to pain medications
67
True or false - chronic pain is poorly managed by medications alone.
True
68
What are a class of synthetic or semi-synthetic prescription drug derived from opium poppy?
Opiods
69
True or false - there is generally no role for opioids in chronic, non-cancer pain management.
True
70
What are some therapeutic approaches to chronic pain?
Non-opioid medications, exercise, physical/occupational therapy, complementary/alternative therapies, interventional pharmacotherapies, behavioral medicine approaches
71
True or false - it is common for older patients to deny pain.
True

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