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BD > Lecture 8.29.16 - Pain > Flashcards

Lecture 8.29.16 - Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What is pain?

A

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage

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2
Q

What are the three categories of pain?

A
  1. Acute and chronic
  2. Adaptive and maladaptive
  3. Nociceptive and neuropathic
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3
Q

What is acute pain?

A

Pain that is primarily a symptom of pathological process or injury. Treating the illness or injury typically will reduce or eliminate symptoms.

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4
Q

What is the duration of acute pain?

A

Less than 6 months

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5
Q

How does adaptive pain contribute to survival?

A

Protecting from injury and promoting healing when injury has occurred

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6
Q

What is a nerve fiber that responds only to pain stimuli?

A

Nociceptor

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7
Q

What is the biomedical model of pain assessment and management?

A
  1. Patient presentation
  2. Formulate possible diagnoses
  3. Evaluation
  4. Management
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8
Q

Pain severity is the consider the 5th ___.

A

Vital sign

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9
Q

What is the name of the scale that measures pain severity?

A

Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

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10
Q

What is chronic pain?

A

Pain which lasts beyond the ordinary duration of time that an insult or injury to the body needs to heal

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11
Q

What is the duration of chronic pain?

A

> 3-6 months

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12
Q

Acute pain evolves into chronic pain in about ___% of patients.

A

20%

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13
Q

What is maladaptive pain?

A

Considered a disease, involves pathologic functioning of the nervous system, no longer helpful to the person

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14
Q

Chronic pain can be ___ (comes and goes) or ___.

A

Episodic; constant

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15
Q

___% of patients self reported chronic pain.

A

50%

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16
Q

Chronic pain displays a prevalence of ___% in children and adolescents.

A

15-30%

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17
Q

What are the 5 common causes of chronic pain in adults?

A

Back pain, headaches, arthritis, fibromyalgia, neuropathy

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18
Q

Children experience chronic pain in what three areas?

A

Head, abdomen, limbs

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19
Q

True or false - chronic or persistent pain usually has a clearly identified cause.

A

False - many patients experience chronic or persistent pain without a clearly identified cause

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20
Q

Almost half of visits to primary care physicians were prompted by symptoms without a ___ cause.

A

Biomedical

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21
Q

True or false - most patients with chronic pain seek medical attention.

A

False - many patients with chronic pain do not seek medical attention

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22
Q

In addition to biology, what should be considered when treating chronic pain?

A

Individual variables, prior experiences, and social context

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23
Q

Describe the biopsychosocial pain assessment.

A
  1. Pain
  2. Comorbid symptoms
  3. Affective vulnerability
  4. Beliefs and attitudes
  5. Environment and social
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24
Q

What are the some of the consequences of chronic pain?

A
  1. None
  2. Quality of life (physical and psychosocial)
  3. Economic
  4. General health (immune system suppression)
  5. Effect on family/friends/relationships
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25
Q

What is a pattern of behavioral or cognitive efforts to manage external or internal stress?

A

Coping

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26
Q

What are active coping strategies?

A

Despite pain efforts to function and despite pain efforts to distract oneself

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27
Q

What are passive coping strategies?

A

Depending on others for help in pain control and restriction of activities

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28
Q

What are the 5 major behavioral aspects of chronic pain?

A

Anxiety, depression, anger, feelings of helplessness, pain catastrophizing

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29
Q

What do patients in pain want from their physicians?

A

To be believed, answers, relief, return to function

30
Q

What are the 3 questions asked by the PEG 3-scale?

A
  1. Describe your pain on average in the last week.
  2. Describe how pain has interfered with you enjoyment of life in the last week.
  3. Describe how pain has interfered with your general activity in the last week.
31
Q

What do patients in pain fear?

A

They will not be believed, pain is a sign of something bad, pain is going to get worse, pain will never go away, they will get addicted to pain medications

32
Q

True or false - chronic pain is poorly managed by medications alone.

33
Q

What are a class of synthetic or semi-synthetic prescription drug derived from opium poppy?

34
Q

True or false - there is generally no role for opioids in chronic, non-cancer pain management.

35
Q

What are some therapeutic approaches to chronic pain?

A

Non-opioid medications, exercise, physical/occupational therapy, complementary/alternative therapies, interventional pharmacotherapies, behavioral medicine approaches

36
Q

True or false - it is common for older patients to deny pain.

37
Q

What are the three categories of pain?

A
  1. Acute and chronic
  2. Adaptive and maladaptive
  3. Nociceptive and neuropathic
38
Q

What is acute pain?

A

Pain that is primarily a symptom of pathological process or injury. Treating the illness or injury typically will reduce or eliminate symptoms.

39
Q

What is the duration of acute pain?

A

Less than 3 months

40
Q

How does adaptive pain contribute to survival?

A

Protecting from injury and promoting healing when injury has occurred

41
Q

What is a nerve fiber that responds only to pain stimuli?

A

Nociceptor

42
Q

What is the biomedical model of pain assessment and management?

A
  1. Patient presentation
  2. Formulate possible diagnoses
  3. Evaluation
  4. Management
43
Q

Pain severity is the consider the 5th ___.

A

Vital sign

44
Q

What is the name of the scale that measures pain severity?

A

Visual Analog Scale (VAS)

45
Q

What is chronic pain?

A

Pain which lasts beyond the ordinary duration of time that an insult or injury to the body needs to heal

46
Q

What is the duration of chronic pain?

A

> 3-6 months

47
Q

Acute pain evolves into chronic pain in about ___% of patients.

48
Q

What is maladaptive pain?

A

Considered a disease, involves pathologic functioning of the nervous system, no longer helpful to the person

49
Q

Chronic pain can be ___ (comes and goes) or ___.

A

Episodic; constant

50
Q

___% of patients self reported chronic pain.

51
Q

Chronic pain displays a prevalence of ___% in children and adolescents.

52
Q

What are the 5 common causes of chronic pain in adults?

A

Back pain, headaches, arthritis, fibromyalgia, neuropathy

53
Q

Children experience chronic pain in what three areas?

A

Head, abdomen, limbs

54
Q

True or false - chronic or persistent pain usually has a clearly identified cause.

A

False - many patients experience chronic or persistent pain without a clearly identified cause

55
Q

Almost half of visits to primary care physicians were prompted by symptoms without a ___ cause.

A

Biomedical

56
Q

True or false - most patients with chronic pain seek medical attention.

A

False - many patients with chronic pain do not seek medical attention

57
Q

In addition to biology, what should be considered when treating chronic pain?

A

Individual variables, prior experiences, and social context

58
Q

Describe the biopsychosocial pain assessment.

A
  1. Pain
  2. Comorbid symptoms
  3. Affective vulnerability
  4. Beliefs and attitudes
  5. Environment and social
59
Q

What are the some of the consequences of chronic pain?

A
  1. None
  2. Quality of life (physical and psychosocial)
  3. Economic
  4. General health (immune system suppression)
  5. Effect on family/friends/relationships
60
Q

What is a pattern of behavioral or cognitive efforts to manage external or internal stress?

61
Q

What are active coping strategies?

A

Despite pain efforts to function and despite pain efforts to distract oneself

62
Q

What are passive coping strategies?

A

Depending on others for help in pain control and restriction of activities

63
Q

What are the 5 major behavioral aspects of chronic pain?

A

Anxiety, depression, anger, feelings of helplessness, pain catastrophizing

64
Q

What do patients in pain want from their physicians?

A

To be believed, answers, relief, return to function

65
Q

What are the 3 questions asked by the PEG 3-scale?

A
  1. Describe your pain on average in the last week.
  2. Describe how pain has interfered with you enjoyment of life in the last week.
  3. Describe how pain has interfered with your general activity in the last week.
66
Q

What do patients in pain fear?

A

They will not be believed, pain is a sign of something bad, pain is going to get worse, pain will never go away, they will get addicted to pain medications

67
Q

True or false - chronic pain is poorly managed by medications alone.

68
Q

What are a class of synthetic or semi-synthetic prescription drug derived from opium poppy?

69
Q

True or false - there is generally no role for opioids in chronic, non-cancer pain management.

70
Q

What are some therapeutic approaches to chronic pain?

A

Non-opioid medications, exercise, physical/occupational therapy, complementary/alternative therapies, interventional pharmacotherapies, behavioral medicine approaches

71
Q

True or false - it is common for older patients to deny pain.

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