Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BD > Lecture 8.23.16 - Elderly Development > Flashcards

Lecture 8.23.16 - Elderly Development Flashcards

1
Q

The number of people over age ___ is increasing greatly.

A

65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Between 2000 and 2050, the number of older people is projected to increase by ___%.

A

135%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The population aged 85 and over is projected to increase by ___%.

A

350%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two major reasons for the increased elderly population?

A
  1. Reduced death rates for children and young adults

2. Reduced death rates for the population aged 65-84

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the consequences of the increased elderly population?

A
  1. Economic: fewer people supporting more people
  2. Social/Political: prioritizing resources
  3. Healthcare: chronic disease rather than acute illness, workforce issues, long term care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or false - aging is a disease.

A

False - aging is a normal and inevitable process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the physical changes to the skin that occur during aging?

A
  • Hair thinning and greying
  • Wrinkles due to decreased elasticity and decreased subdermal fat
  • More fragile and injury-prone
  • Less effective barrier against infection and UV light
  • Decreased sweat and sebaceous gland activity leads to dryer skin
  • Decreased sensitivity to touch and vibration - can be injured more easily
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the physical changes to vision that occur during aging?

A
  • Iris more rigid, lens more elastic, leads to presbyopia (difficulty focusing on near objects)
  • Pupil smaller and less responsive, more sensitive to glare, harder to adjust to changes
  • Decreased sensitivity of retinal cell, less sensitive to contrasts in color
  • Dry eyes
  • Decreased visual acuity and peripheral vision - implications for driving
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is difficulty focusing on near objects?

A

Presbyopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the physical changes in hearing that occur during aging?

A
  • Difficulty with higher frequencies
  • Difficulty with speech discrimination
  • May interfere with communication and contribute to isolation
  • May interfere with medical care
  • Risk factor for delirium and dementia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the physical changes to taste and smell that occur during aging?

A
  • Decreased sensitivity
  • May not detect dangerous odors
  • Decreased appetite and pleasure in food
  • Increased use of salt and sugar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the physical changes to the hematopoietic system that occur during aging?

A
  • Loss of bone marrow mass and increase in fat
  • Marrow is less responsive to changes like hypoxia or blood loss
  • Platelets are less responsive and increased clotting factors (pro-coagulant state)
  • Impaired functioning of some white cells leads to a decline in immune function and increases in infection, cancer, and autoimmune disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the physical changes to the GI system that occur during aging?

A
  • Increased risk for tooth decay, potential for malnutrition
  • Changes in esophageal muscle and peristalsis, leading to increased reflux
  • Altered colon mobility, leading to constipation, diverticulosis
  • Decreased liver mass, hepatic blood flow, P450, leads to slowed hepatic metabolism, can affect medications
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the physical changes to the renal system that occur during aging?

A

-Decreased renal mass, blood flow, and function, leading to decreased creatinine clearance, can influence medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the physical changes to the cardiovascular system that occur during aging?

A
  • Left ventricular hypertrophy
  • Stiffening of large arteries
  • Decrease in heart rate and blood pressure variability
  • Decrease in intrinsic heart rate and maximum heart rate
  • Increase in cardiovascular disease states like coronary artery disease and hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the physical changes to the respiratory system that occur during aging?

A
  • Chest wall thickening and decreased compliance
  • Decreased surface area for gas exchange, decreased arterial oxygenation, decreased functional reserve
  • Reduced effectiveness of cough and mucociliary clearance
  • Predisposed to hypoxia and pneumonia
17
Q

What are the physical changes to the GU system that occur during aging?

A
  • Decreased detrusor contractility, bladder capacitiy, flow rate, increased rates of incontinence
  • Changes in urethra related to decreased estrogen (predispose women to UTI)
  • Vaginal atrophy and dryness related to decreased estrogen (influence sexual function in women)
  • Decreased sperm count and motility, prostate enlargement, more difficulty with erectile function in men
18
Q

What are the physical changes to the musculoskeletal system that occur during aging?

A
  • Decreased muscle mass, increased body fat, leads to changes in mobility and balance, contributes to insulin resistance, changes volume of distribution for drugs
  • Decreased bone mass leads to increased risk for fracture
19
Q

What are the cognitive changes that occur during aging?

A
  • Slowed information processing
  • More difficulty with divided attention and switching tasks (implications for driving)
  • Able to sustain attention
  • Speech and language processing largely intact, discourse skills may improve
20
Q

What are the memory changes that occur during aging?

A
  • Decine in working memory
  • Impairments in episodic memory (encoding, storage, retrieval)
  • Semantic, autobiographical, and procedural memory generally preserved
21
Q

True or false - basic personality traits stay stable with age.

A

True

22
Q

Heinz Kohut felt older adults have to deal with ___ injuries as they adapt to physical, psychological, and social losses.

A

Narcissistic

23
Q

Erikson viewed psychosocial development as continuing…

A

…over the course of a lifespan.

24
Q

What are some of the mental health issues involved in aging?

A

Grief/bereavement, anxiety (most common in elderly), depression, substance abuse, suicide

25
Q

True or false - depression is a normal part of aging.

A

False

26
Q

___% of older adults experience significant depressive symtpoms.

A

8-20%

27
Q

___ is more common with some medical illnesses and affects overall mortality.

A

Depression

28
Q

Up to ___% of older adults abuse substances.

A

17%

29
Q

Those over age 65 with moderate to heavy alcohol use are ___ times more likely to die by suicide.

A

16

30
Q

Which age group has the highest suicide rate?

A

Adults 65 and older

31
Q

What are the 7 risk factors for suicide?

A

Male, caucasian, medical or mental illness, substance abuse, prior attempt, isolation, access to lethal means

32
Q

Successful aging involves shifting away from conversations about ___ and ___.

A

Pathology; decline

33
Q

Define successful aging according to Rowe and Kahn.

A

Freedom from disease and disability, high levels of physical and cognitive functioning, and ongoing social and productive engagement

BD (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions