Lecture

Question 1

Deductive

Answer 1

No way for premise to be true and conclusion false if argument valid

Question 2

Inductive

Answer 2

Prob. true given premises but no guarantee

Question 3

Inconsistency

Answer 3

Cannot both be true

Question 4

Contradictory

Answer 4

Cannot both be false

Question 5

Validity

Answer 5

Connection between premise and conclusion

Question 6

Sound Argument

Answer 6

Deductive, valid, true

Question 7

Copula

Answer 7

Links S and P

Question 8

Quality

Answer 8

Affirm/Neg

Question 9

Quantity

Answer 9

Particular/Universal

Question 10

Contradictory Proposition

Answer 10

Differ in quality and quantity (1 true, 1 false)

Question 11

Contrary

Answer 11

Differ in quality only (Cannot both be true)

Question 12

Subalternates

Answer 12

Differ in quality only (Both true or false)

Question 13

Subcontrary

Answer 13

Differ in quality only (Cannot both be false)

Question 14

Distribution

Answer 14

Everything after neg

Question 15

Mood

Answer 15

All, No, Some

Question 16

Figure

Answer 16

Location of middle term

Question 17

Form

Answer 17

Figure + Mood

Question 18

Primary Subject

Answer 18

Subject matter under discussion

Question 19

Analogue

Answer 19

Thing being compared to primary subject

Question 20

Parable

Answer 20

Story w moral

Question 21

Fable

Answer 21

Parable w animals/inanimate objects

Question 22

Example

Answer 22

Give instance of particular subject matter

Question 23

Formal Structure of Analogy

Answer 23

X is F. Y is similar to X, therefore Y is F also

Question 24

Argument from Design

Answer 24

Proof of God based on analogy

Question 25

Evaluating Analogies

Answer 25

and similarity of instances, relevance, irrelevance

Question 26

Refutations by Analogy

Answer 26

Counter-analogy showing opposite result

Question 27

Induction by Simple Enumeration

Answer 27

A has P. B has P. C has P. Therefore all Xs have P

Question 28

Sweeping Generalization

Answer 28

Apply generalization to situations in which it does not apply

Question 29

Hasty Generalization

Answer 29

Too small sample generalized to whole

Question 30

Mill’s Methods

Answer 30

Method of Agreement, Method of Difference, Joint Agreement and Difference, Residues, Concomitant Variation

Question 31

Residues

Answer 31

A,B,C-X,Y,Z. B-Y. C-Z. Therefore, A-X

Question 32

Concomitant Variation

Answer 32

A,B,C-X,Y,Z. Inc A, X inc. Dec A, X dec. Therefore, A-X.

Question 33

Ad ignorantium

Answer 33

Assume innocence

Question 34

Appeal to Authority

Answer 34

Stare decises (predictability of law)

Question 35

Appeal to Pity

Answer 35

Guilt/innocence wrong; Sentence ok

Question 36

Ad Hominem

Answer 36

Testimony ok (character relevant-not drawing conclusions)