Chapter 8

Question 1

Categorical Logic

Answer 1

Based on relations of inclusion and exclusion among classes as stated in categorical claims

Question 2

Categorical Claim

Answer 2

Says something about class of things

Question 3

Standard Form

Answer 3

Results from putting name/descriptions of classes into certain structures (AEIO)

Question 4

Terms

Answer 4

Phrases that go into blanks of standard form

Question 5

Subject term

Answer 5

First blank

Question 6

Predicate term

Answer 6

Second blank

Question 7

Venn Diagram

Answer 7

Circles-classes named by terms; Shaded-empty; X’s-contain at least 1

Question 8

Affirmative Claims

Answer 8

Include one class (or part of) w/in another (AI)

Question 9

Negative Claims

Answer 9

Exclude one class (or part of) from another (EO)

Question 10

Equivalent Claims

Answer 10

True in all and exactly same circumstances (under no circumstances one true and other false)

Question 11

Contrary Claims

Answer 11

Can both be false, but not both true

Question 12

Subcontrary Claims

Answer 12

Can both be true, but not both false

Question 13

Contradictory Claims

Answer 13

Never have same truth value

Question 14

Converse

Answer 14

Switch position of S + P

Question 15

Obverse

Answer 15

Change affirm to neg (or vice versa), Replace P w complement

Question 16

Contrapositive

Answer 16

Switch position of S + P, Replace both w complements

Question 17

Syllogism

Answer 17

Two-premise deductive argument

Question 18

Categorical Syllogism

Answer 18

Every claim standard form and 3 terms each occur 2x in two claims

Question 19

Major term

Answer 19

P of conclusion

Question 20

Minor term

Answer 20

S of conclusion

Question 21

Middle term

Answer 21

Not in conclusion-links claims

Question 22

Rules Method

Answer 22

neg prem. is # neg in conc; middle term must be distributed in at least one prem; any term distributed in conc must be distributed in prem