Lecture #8 - Wood Flashcards
What are the five major certification systems for wood?
Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI), Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), American Tree Farm System (ATFS), Canadian Standards Association (CSA), Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC)
What does endogenous mean?
Growing or originating from within an organism. Grow with intertwined fibres
What does exogenous mean?
Growing or originating from outside an organism, grow from the center out by adding concentric layers of wood around the central core
What are conifers? What is another name for conifers? Name 4 conifer trees.
Soft wood, needlelike leaves that do not shed, grow continuously through the crown (homogenous), used for construction, economical and renewable because grow fast and in large stands. Fir, pine, larch, spruce
What are deciduous trees?
Hard wood, exogenous, shed their leaves at the end of each growing season, used for furniture, expensive, hard to cut.
What kind of forest do we have in Nova Scotia?
Acadian Forest
What is the most prevalent kind of forest in Canada?
Boreal
How is lumber produced?
Cut down, brought to sawmill, cut in half, cut to size, may or may not be cut again into planks, dried using air or kiln seasoning
Explain growth rings.
Wood produced in one growing season is a single growth ring. Composed of early wood produced by rapid spring growth and late wood from summer growthZ
What is bark?
The exterior covering of the tree. Has an inner and outer layer.
What are the properties of barks outer layer?
Dead, corky, great variability in thickness
What is barks inner layer?
Growth layer for bark, not part of wood section of tree
What is cambium?
Thin layer of cells situated between wood and bark and location of all wood growth
What is sapwood?
Storehouse for starches and pipeline to transport sap.
What kind of species have thick sapwood regions?
Fast growing
