Lecture #11 - General Construction Procedure Flashcards
What are the 9construction stages?
- Planning and design, 2. site preparation, 3. foundation, 4. framing, 5. electrical, plumbing, and HVAC, 6. insulation and drywall, 7. finish work, 8. final inspections, 9. closeout
Give a general overview of the planning and design stage.
developing the initial concept, selecting a site, creating drawings and obtaining permits
Give a general overview of the site preparation stage.
clearing the site, levelling the land, and setting up temporary utilities
Give a general overview of the foundation stage.
Excavating and pouring the foundation, installing drainage, and backfilling around the foundarion
Give a general overview of the framing phase.
involves constructing the frame of the building using wood, steel, or concrete
Give a general overview of the electrical plumbing and HVAC stage.
installing the electrical, plumbing and heating/cooling systems
Give a general overview of the insulation and drywall phase.
installing insulation and drywall to provide thermal and acoustic insulation
Give a general overview of the finish work stage.
installing flooring, cabinets, countertops, trim, and other finishing touches.
Give a general overview of the final inspections stage.
Obtaining final inspections and certificates of occupancy from local authorities
Give a general overview of the close out stage
finalizing paperwork, obtaining warranties, cleaning up the site
Who comes together to develop a plan during the planning and design phase?
Architects, engineers, contractors
What stage does the success of the project depend on?
planning and design
What else happens during the planning and design phase?
feasibility studies, determining project budgets, obtaining necessary approvals from regulatory agencies
What affects the feasibility of the project with respect to site selection?
soil conditions, topography, access to utilities and proximity to transportation
What do permits ensure?
That the project complies with applicable regulations and building codes and that the building is safe for occupancy
What happens if you don’t get the required permits?
fines, delays and even legal action
Where might you need to get your permits from?
local, state (or provincial/territorial) and federal agencies
How can you save money in the planning and design phase?
Careful site selection, ie selecting a site that is already zoned for the intended use to avoid cost of rezoning. Getting permits in a timely manner can prevent costly delays and keep the project on schedule
What is a floor plan?
detailed diagram of a buildings interior, showing the arrangement of rooms, walls, doors and windows. essential document used by architects, builders, and contractors to visualize the layout of the building
Define the safety aspect of site preparation.
clearing the site and levelling the land can help ensure that the construction site is free of hazards like trees, rocks or other debris. can help prevent accidents and injuries during the construction process
Define the access aspect of site preparation.
can make it easier to access the construction site and move heavy equipment and materials. this can help ensure that the construction process is efficient and on schedule
Define the levelling aspect of site preparation.
essential for ensuring that the foundation of the building is level and stable, critical for ensuring that the building is structurally sound and can withstand forces of nature like earthquakes and high winds
Define the drainage aspect of site preparation.
levelling helps ensure that proper drainage is established, which is essential for preventing water damage to the building and ensuring that the site remains stable and safe
What is the importance of adding temporary utilities in the site preparation phase with respect to construction activities
construction activities like using power tools and heavy machinery requires a reliable source of electricity and also workers need access to clean water for drinking, cleaning and other activities
What is the importance of adding temporary utilities in the site preparation phase with respect to worker comfort?
Can ensure worker comfort and safety, for example access to air conditioning during hot weather can help prevent heat exhaustion and other health issues
Why does temporary office space require temporary utilities?
Requires electricity and water to function properly
What may require temporary utilities? What is the punishment for not complying?
Building codes or regulations, fines and other penalties
What is a bulldozer?
Heavy-duty machine used to move large quantities of soil, sand or other materials, often used to clear large areas of land and level the ground for construction
What is an excavator?
Versatile machine that can be used for a variety of tasks, including digging trenches, removing debris, and shaping the terrain, often used to prepare a site for foundation work and can be equipped with different attachments like buckets or hammers to perform different tasks
What is a backhoe?
Similar to excavator but have a smaller footprint, making it suitable for smaller construction projects, commonly used for digging trenches and removing debris
What is a grader?
Machine used to smooth and level the ground, making it ideal for preparing a site for construction, equipped with a large blade that can be adjusted to different angles to create the desired slope or grade
What is a roller?
Heavy machine used to compact soil, asphalt, and other materials, used to create a stable base for roads, parking lots, and other construction projects
Where may construction begin with grubbing and clearing?
Undeveloped sites
What does grubbing and clearing entail?
trees and plants, stumps, large roots, and other surface materials are removed with heavy machinery
What happens after grubbing and clearing?
organically rich topsoil is scraped away and stockpiled to one side to await reuse at the end of construction
What is excavation necessary for?
basement construction, to reach undisturbed, adequately firm soil for shallow footings, for trenches for buried utilities, and to remove native soils that are contaminated or too weak or unstable to build over
What types of machines may be used to loosen and lift the soil from the ground in particulate soils?
bulldozers, backhoes, bucket loaders, scrapers, trenching machines, others
What machine should be used if soil must be moved more than a short distance?
dump truck
Where is excavation slower and usually more costly?
rock
How do you excavate rock?
weak or highly fractured rock may be proken up with power shovels, pneumatic hammers, or other specialized equipment, blasting
Define blasting.
explosives are placed and detonated in lines of closely spaced holes drilled into the rock
What is used when blasting is impractical?
hydrualic splitters
What do hydraulic splitters do?
inserted into closely spaced drilled holes in rock and rely on driven wedges to split the rock
