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PARASITOLOGY > LECTURE 8: THE AMEBAS > Flashcards

LECTURE 8: THE AMEBAS Flashcards

1
Q

are extensions of cytoplasm providing motility
unique to amebae.

A

Pseudopods

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2
Q

stages that are part of the amebae life cycle.

A

Trophozoite and cyst

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3
Q

the infective stage of Amebas

A

Cyst

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4
Q

the active
reproduction stage destroyed by stomach acid.

A

Trophozoite

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5
Q

one of the most important criteria for identification

A

Size

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6
Q

(in liquid stools)

A

trophozoites

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7
Q

(in formed stools)

A

cysts

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8
Q

Area of chromatin within the nucleus

A

. Karyosome

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9
Q

Nucleic acid combined with a protein found along the nuclear membrane

A

Peripheral chromatin

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10
Q

Development of a cyst into a trophozoite

A

Excystation

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11
Q

Development of a trophozoite into a cyst

A

Encystation

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12
Q

Rod-shaped, RNA containing structure found in
the cytoplasm

A

Chromatoid bar

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13
Q

The only ameba pathogenic for the gastrointestinal tract

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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14
Q

The only member of the family of Entamoeba parasites to cause colitis and liver abscess

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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15
Q

Entamoeba histolytica cyst’s range size

A

8-22 um, spherical

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16
Q

Entamoeba histolytica’s cyst contains how many nuclei

A

1-4

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17
Q

Entamoeba histolytica’s karyosome is located.

A

centrally

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18
Q

E. histolytica trophozoites range in size from

A

8-65 um

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19
Q

The presence of intracellular RBCs in intestinal amebae is considered diagnostic of

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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20
Q

Entamoeba coli cyst’s range is

A

8-40 um

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21
Q

Entamoeba coli cysts contains how many nuclei

A

1-8 nuclei

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22
Q

Entamoeba coli’s karyosome is

A

eccentric and large

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23
Q

The cytoplasm of Entamoeba coli’s cyst is coarse with thin chromatoid bars with

A

pointed ends

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23
Q

Entamoeba coli’s trophozoites range is

A

10-60 um

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24
Q

E. coli trophozoites contains how many nucleus

A

1 or single

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25
Q

The cytoplasm of Entamoeba coli is

A

coarse and vacuolated, with
bacterial inclusions.

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26
Q

Excystation occurs in the

A

small or large bowel

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27
Q

Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites multiply by

A

binary fission

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28
Q

Characterized by abdominal cramping, anorexia,
fatigue, and diarrhea.

A

Amebic colitis

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29
Q

Cause ulcers and amebic dysentery (blood and
mucus in the stool).

A

Amebic colitis

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30
Q

Involves infections of the liver, but it is a rare
complication. Spleen, brain, and lungs is affected

A

Extraintestinal amebiasis

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31
Q

diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba coli is accomplished mainly by

A

Wet preparation and permanent staining of
stool sample

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32
Q

A special medium known as

A

TYI-S-33

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33
Q

Intestinal infections are treated with

A

Paromomycin, diloxanide furoate (Furamide), or Metronidazole (Flagyl)

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34
Q

it is relatively similar to that of E.
histolytica apart from its smaller size.

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

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35
Q

it does not ingest red blood cells.

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

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36
Q

Entamoeba polecki is usually found in the …

A

intestines of pigs and monkeys.

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37
Q

it has sluggish motility

A

Entamoeba polecki

38
Q

Smallest amoeba. Size = RBC

A

Endolimax nana

39
Q

Food vacuoles of Endolimax nana found in the cytoplasm may contain

A

Bacteria

40
Q

Cysts measure about the same size as trophozoites

A

Endolimax nana

41
Q

Nuclei resembles cross eyed
appearance.

A

Endolimax nana

42
Q

surrounded by achromatic granules.

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

43
Q

has a large glycogen body which stains
dark brown with iodine

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

44
Q

Iodamoeba butschlii’s specific diagnosis is done through …

A

Stool examination and Formalin ether/ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT)
and iodine stain are useful to differentiate the species.

45
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis’ common name

A

Asymptomatic mouth and genital tract infections.

46
Q

This species has no cyst stage.

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

47
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis’ MOT

A

Kissing, spray droplets, or by sharing utensils.

48
Q

what are the free-living pathogenic species …

A

Naegleri fowleri
Acanthamoeba spp.

49
Q

What is the common name of Naegleri fowleri

A

Brain eating amoeba

50
Q

What is the common associated disease of Naegleri fowleri

A

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).

51
Q

it is a free-living amoeba

A

Naegleri fowleri

52
Q

It inhabits the CNS

A

Naegleri fowleri

53
Q

it does not indicate fecal contamination

A

Naegleri fowleri

54
Q

It is usually found in lakes, ponds, and swimming pools where the water is warm.

A

Naegleri fowleri

54
Q

The only ameba with three known morphologic forms—ameboid trophozoites, flagellate forms, and cysts.

A

Naegleri fowleri

55
Q

Naegleri fowleri cyst’s size

A

10 to 13 um

55
Q

What are the 3 morphologic forms of Naegleri fowleri

A

ameboid trophozoites, flagellate forms, and cysts.

56
Q

Has a cysts contain a single nucleus, without
peripheral chromatin.

A

Naegleri fowleri

57
Q

Naegleri fowleri’s karyosomes is

A

centrally located and large.

58
Q

Naegleri fowleri’s trophozoites size is

A

10 to 23 um

59
Q

The trophozoite’s cytoplasm of Naegleri fowleri is …

A

granular and vacuolated

60
Q

Naegleri fowleri’s flagellates size range is …

A

7 to 15 um

61
Q

Naegleri fowleri’s flagellate has a what shape …

A

pear shape

62
Q

What is Naegleri fowleri’s infective stage

A

Trophozoite

63
Q

Trophozoites of Naegleri fowleri infect humans or animals by penetrating the …

A

Nasal mucosa

64
Q

Trophozoites of Naegleri fowleri migrates to the brain via

A

olfactory nerves.

65
Q

The trophozoites of Naegleri fowleri replicate by

A

Promitosis

66
Q

Pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of Naegleri Fowleri

A

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)

67
Q

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) is the pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of …

A

Naegleri fowleri

68
Q

It presents as fever, nausea, vomiting, headache,
nuchal rigidity, and mental status changes, with rapid
progression to coma and death.

A

Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)

69
Q

Post-mortem examination of infected brain with Naegleri fowleri shows …

A

hemorrhagic necrosis, congestion, and edema of neural tissue.

70
Q

Naegleri fowler’s diagnosis is made by

A

finding the organism (ameba) in cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) or brain biopsies.

71
Q

It has been successfully used to treat PAM.

A

Amphotericin B in combination with clotrimazole

72
Q

these two drugs have been shown to be active against N. fowleri, both in vitro and in vivo.

A

azithromycin and voriconazole

73
Q

What is Acanthamoeba spp. commonly associated disease and condition names

A

Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), Acanthamoeba keratitis

74
Q

It is the shortest tapeworm (only 3 segments: immature, mature, ripe/gravid)

A

Acanthamoeba spp.

75
Q

Human infection of Acanthamoeba spp. results in the development of a …

A

hydatid cyst

76
Q

The release of hydatid cyst fluid may cause

A

anaphylactic shock.

77
Q

The hydatid cyst contains …

A

fluid, daughter cysts, brood capsules, and hydatid sand

78
Q

Acanthamoeba spp. cyst size range is

A

8 to 25 um

79
Q

This species has a jagged edge
and a round shape.

A

Acanthamoeba spp.

80
Q

Acanthamoeba spp. trophozoites has a …

A

prominent “thorn-like” appendages (acanthopodia)

81
Q

This species has prominent “thorn-like” appendages (acanthopodia)

A

Acanthamoeba spp.

82
Q

Acanthamoeba spp. often migrate via

A

hematogenous spread

83
Q

What kind of species infection is not associated with water but rather with contaminated saline.

A

Acanthamoeba spp.

83
Q

Acanthamoeba spp. infection is not associated with water but rather with

A

contaminated saline

84
Q

Pathogenesis and clinical manifestation of Acanthamoeba spp.

A

Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) and Acanthamoeba Keratitis

85
Q

It is generally related to the destruction of brain tissue and the associated meningeal irritation.

A

Granulomatous amebic encephalitis

86
Q

Acanthamoeba keratitis is diagnosed by

A

Epithelial biopsy or corneal scrapings

87
Q

Suspected corneal nscrapings may be cultured on non nutrient agar plates seeded with what kind of
gram-negative bacteria

A

viable strain of E. coli

88
Q

Acanthamoeba keratitis medications …

A

ketoconazole, itraconazole, miconazole, propamidine
isethianate, and rifampin.

89
Q

For granulomatous amebic encephalitis suitable medication …

A

sulfamethazine

90
Q

Acanthamoeba keratitis prevention and control

A

avoid using homemade nonsterile saline solutions

PARASITOLOGY (3 decks)

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