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HSCI 120 > Lecture 8 Reproductive Health > Flashcards

Lecture 8 Reproductive Health Flashcards

1
Q

how does body temp indicate conception

A

Basal body temperature that stays high for two weeks after ovulation indicates the probability that conception has occurred

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2
Q

what do pregnancy tests detect

A

human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

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3
Q

how is delivery date calculated

A

using Nagele’s rule, last menstruation, subtract 3 months, and add 7 days to calculate estimated due date

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4
Q

what is the embryonic stage

A

the first 8 weeks of pregnancy

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5
Q

what happens in the embryonic stage

A

placenta and amniotic sac develop

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6
Q

what are the effects of pregnancy

A

tingling and fullness in breasts, nausea, tiredness and change in appetite

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7
Q

when can fetal movement be detected

A

as early as 13-16 weeks or as late as 18-20 weeks

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8
Q

when is the brain and nervous system complete

A

by the end of the seventh month

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9
Q

what is sexuality like during pregnancy

A

A person can safely continue to have sex during their pregnancy until the start of labor
The male’s penis will not harm the fetus; it is protected by the amniotic sac and mucous plug in cervix

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10
Q

what are delivery options

A

vaginal births with pharmacological pain management, vaginal birth with non pharmacological pain management, and C section

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11
Q

what is the process of engagement

A

A few weeks before labor begins, the fetus turns so that the widest part of its head is against the woman’s pelvic bones

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12
Q

what is effacement

A

thinning of the cervix

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13
Q

what is referred to as “water breaking”

A

the amniotic sac rupturing

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14
Q

what are non pharmacological techniques used for childbirth

A

birthing balls, controlled breathing, soaking in a tub, walking around, using massage or distraction techniques, TENS machine use, hypnosis

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15
Q

what are the type of pharmacological drugs used for birth

A

tranquilizers and narcotics, epidurals or spinal blocks

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16
Q

what is the first stage of birth

A

contractions help efface and dilate th cervix

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17
Q

what is the early phase of the first stage

A

dilation to 4 cm

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18
Q

what is the active phase of the first stage

A

dilation to 8 cm

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19
Q

what is the transition phase of the first stage

A

dilation fully to 10 cm

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20
Q

what occurs in stage 2 of pregnancy

A

the baby’s head begins to move into the vagina, it ends with the birth of the baby

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21
Q

what occurs in stage 3 of pregnancy

A

Placenta detaches from the uterine walls and is expelled with other material called “afterbirth”

22
Q

what are the reasons for a C section

A

Baby is too large
Mother’s pelvis is too narrow
Baby is in a breech or transverse position
Umbilical cord will pass through the cervix before the baby

23
Q

what is a C section

A

The baby is delivered through an incision made through the abdomen and wall of the uterus

24
Q

what medication does the infant receive after birth

A

Infant receives an injection of vitamin K to ensure that blood will clot normally

25
Q

what is postpartum emotional issues

A

Birthing parents experience many psychological and physiological changes after birth as levels of estrogen and progesterone slowly return to pre-pregnancy levels

26
Q

what are the three postpartum conditions

A

postpartum blues, postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis

27
Q

when is it safe for sexuality during the postpartum period

A

at least six weeks

28
Q

how long can breastfeeding continue up to

A

two years

29
Q

what was found in the Masters and Johnson study

A

women who breastfed their babies had higher levels of sexual interest in the months after delivery

30
Q

what does breastfeeding help to do

A

helps the uterus return to its pre-pregnancy size and shape due to oxytocin

31
Q

when do most miscarriages happen

A

within the first 20 weeks

32
Q

what is Rh incompatibility

A

occurs hen the woman has Rh- negative blood and the fetus has Rh-positive blood

33
Q

what can Rh cause

A

it can lead to fetal anemia, intellectual disability, or death

34
Q

what are the three types of hypertension

A

pregnancy induced hypertension is simply high blood pressure associated with pregnancy, pre-eclampsia includes edema, eclampsia may result if uncontrolled and may lead to convulsions, coma, and even death

35
Q

what may cause congenital anomalies

A

genetics (down syndrome), maternal illness or infection, use of drugs or alcohol

36
Q

what can help reduce the incidence of congenital abnormalities

A

folic acid supplements in the three months before conception and in the first trimester

37
Q

how can congenital anomalies be detected

A

screening for elevated levels of glycoprotein alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the mothers blood

38
Q

when is a baby considered preterm

A

before 37 weeks of gestation

39
Q

what is anoxia

A

oxygen deprivation which a result from the umbilical cord can be compressed as the baby passes through birth canal

40
Q

what can prolonged anoxia lead to

A

cerebral palsy, brain damage, intellectual disability, and death

41
Q

what is a still birth

A

when a baby is born dead any time after 28 weeks gestation and weighs at least 500 grams

42
Q

what is the rate of maternal mortality

A

830 women die from pregnancy

43
Q

what are the psychological and social consequences of infertility

A

anger, confusion, sadness, anxiety, shame, depression, insecurity, inadequacy

44
Q

what regulated treatment of infertility

A

the assisted human reproduction act in Canada

45
Q

what is artificial insemination

A

a thin, flexible catheter inserts sperm directly into vagina or uterus

46
Q

what is in vitro fertilization

A

eggs are surgically removed from the ovaries, eggs are then fertilized with sperm in the laboratory, the fertilized egg is injected into the birthing parents’ uterus or cervix

47
Q

what is gamete intrafallopian transfer

A

eggs and sperm are collected and deposited directly into woman’s Fallopian tubes

48
Q

what is zygote intrafallopian transfer

A

a fertilized egg is transferred directly to a Fallopian tube to allow for natural implantation

49
Q

what is surrogacy

A

a woman outside of the couple will become pregnant through any of the procedures mentioned above and deliver a baby to term

50
Q

what was examples of contraceptions

A

against fertilization, examples are condoms and the pill

51
Q

what are examples of contragestion

A

against gestation, examples of IUD

52
Q

what is Dr Henry Morgentaler known for

A

he challenged abortion law and provided sae, illegal abortions to women

HSCI 120 (5 decks)

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