Lecture 8 - Interpersonal Violence Flashcards

1
Q

Family Violence
Background Information

What is abuse (what forms does abuse take)?
-Name the different types of abuse
(EP)S(EF)RPSR

Need to break the silence of abuse
Abuse:
Its about power and control
Not about who they look like

A
  • Emotional or psychological abuse (mind games)
  • Social abuse (Social abuse involving children(as pawns)) [Custody]
  • Economic/financial abuse (asking partners for your own money)
  • Ritual abuse (satanic cults, using cult to control ppl)
  • Physical abuse (assault)
  • Sexual abuse (different ages and forms)
  • Religious abuse
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2
Q

What is family violence?

  • what kind of problems
  • Ranges across what
  • It involves an abuse of what and the violation of what
  • Describe family violence
  • Must look beyond what
A

It is a complex problem (each problem isn’t the same)

Ranges across the lifespan

It involves an abuse of power and the violation of a position of trust

Any behaviour by one person against another person in an intimate relationship which may endanger that person’s survival, security or well-being

Must look beyond the family and consider the values and attitudes of the community and the larger society

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3
Q

Statistics Canada’s Measuring Violence Against Women:

  • The rate of violence against women in Saskatchewan is almost what the national avg
  • Saskatchewan leads what
A

The rate of violence against women in Saskatchewan is almost double the national average.

Saskatchewan leads all provinces and territories in rates of intimate partner violence and sexual offences, and in rates of violence against girls and female teenagers.

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4
Q

Saskatchewan is #1

  • In police reported what
  • FiD(PY)S
  • What highest violence crime severity index and homicide rate

Police are more approachable in Saskatchewan

A

In police-reported violent crime rates in Canada since 1997 (X2 the National Rate)

In provincial family violence rate

Provincial intimate partner violence rate

Provincial child and youth violent victimization rate

Family-related violence against seniors

2nd highest violent crime severity index and homicide rate

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5
Q

Prevalence of Abuse in Canada

-Most often victims of family violence were in a what
-With about how much of the victims being in what
-18% were what
-13% were what
-11% were what
9% were what

  • Victims of family violence were mostly what
  • This disproportionate representation was most pronounced for what
  • 80% victims were
  • 63% were
  • 58% were
  • 57% were
  • 57% also was

Not everybody reports violence

A
  • Most often, victims of family violence were in a spousal relationship with the accused, with about half of victims (49%) being currently or previously married to the accused. Another 18% of family violence victims were victimized by their parent, 13% by an extended family member, 11% by a sibling and 9% by a child, most often a grown child.
  • Victims of family violence were predominantly female (69%). This disproportionate representation was most pronounced for spousal violence, as 80% of victims were female, but was also evident when the accused was a child (63%), extended family member (58%), parent (57%) and sibling (57%).
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6
Q

Ask them 3 questions

A/H
A
W

A

Are you safe? / How are you doing right now?
Ask them what do they need right now?
What can I provide right now?

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7
Q

Family Violence (Violence during pregnancy)

  • Incidence ranges from?
  • Women who are abused during pregnancy are how many times as lickly to experience what
  • Why?
A

Incidence of violence during pregnancy ranges from 4% to 17%, however domestic violence during pregnancy is underreported

Women who are abused during pregnancy are 4 times as likely to experience serious physical violence (i.e. choking (serious situation), gun threats)

The partner wants the attention again, often present with bruising in the abd. area

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8
Q
Family Violence (Children/Youth)
-What family members were identified as the what in a sizable majority of family related what (96%) and what (71%)

-Infants experience what rates of family related homicide than older children

Young parents are represented how amongst the accused

A

Male family members were identified as the accused in a sizable majority of family-related sexual (96%) and physical assaults (71%) against children and youth.

Infants (<1yr) experience higher rates of family-related homicide, than older children

Young parents are disproportionally represented among those accused (60%)

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9
Q

Family Violence (Abuse of the Elderly)

  • What is most often the apparent motive for family homicide against seniors
  • What is the most commonly identified reason
  • What % experience some type of abuse
  • Victims who are elderly are most lickly to be what

Older adults may experience different types of abuse including :
P/S, P/E, F, N

A

Most often, frustration, anger or despair was the apparent motive for family-perpetrated homicides against seniors.

In contrast, financial gain was the most commonly identified reason behind senior homicides committed by non-family members.

Between 4% - 10% of seniors (in Canada) experience some type of abuse

Victims who are elderly are most likely to be victimized by an adult child or current/former spouse

Physical or sexual abuse
Psychological or emotional abuse
Financial abuse
Neglect, unintentional neglect, self neglect

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10
Q

Adults who experience abuse are

  • 103% more likely
  • 95% more likely
  • 103% more likely
  • 192% more likely
  • 43% more likely
A
103% more likely to become smokers
95% more likely to become obese
103% more likely to become alcoholics
192% more likely to develop drug addictions
43% more likely to become suicidal

They have no control so they control what they can

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11
Q

Consequences of Abuse of Women

HEI

A

Health consequences
Economic consequences
Impact of abuse on children

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12
Q

Health Consequences of Abuse of Women

PSPF

A

Physical
Sexual and Reproductive
Psychological and Behavioral
Fatal Health Consequences

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13
Q

Economic Consequences

BII

A

Burden on society

Impact on employment

Indirect costs

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14
Q

Impact on Children

PP

A

Physical Effects

Psychological and Behavioral Effects

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15
Q

The Cycle of Violence

TVR

A

Tension Building Phase

Violent incident (battering)-blow up

Remorse /Romance phase (absence of battering)

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16
Q

Phase 1: Tension Building Phase

  • Duration
  • Initial what of the relationship fades
  • Abuser - starts exhibiting what
  • Victim - Attempts to do what
  • When these attempts don’t work
  • Abuser feels
  • At this point what is gonna happen

Traits of the abuser in phase 1 (tension building)
JARND

Traits of the victim in phase 1 (tension building)
UMAFCSWF

A

Duration: days, weeks, months, years

Initial infatuation of the relationship fades

Abuser - starts exhibiting aggressive/abusive tendencies

Victim - attempts to stop aggression by pleasing, placating, or staying out of the way, thinking those actions can control the abusive behavior

When these actions do not control or stop the abuse, the victim withdraws

Abuser feels rejected and tries harder to control the victim’s activities

At this point, an abusive incident will inevitably happen

Jealousy
Actions that isolate the victim
Rule changing
Name calling
Dominating
Use of calming techniques
Minimizing abusers behaviours
Anger suppression
Fatigue
Confusion
Self-doubt
Withdrawal
Fear
17
Q
Phase 2: Violent Incident Phase
PEMSS Abuse
The violent incident relives what for the abuser
-Victim feels what
-Police are usually where

Traits of the abuser in phase 2 (violent incident)
AAUE

Traits of the victim in phase 2 (violent incident)
FAMM

A

Physical, emotional, mental, spiritual or sexual abuse

The violent incident relieves the stress/tension of the abuser

While the perpetrator feels instant relief, the victim experiences shock/denial

Police are usually involved at this stage, victim may seek safe shelter

Only 13% of victims go to a shelter

Anger
Assault on the victim
Uncontrolled tension
Exhaustion

Fear
Anger
May call the police
May seek safety

18
Q

Phase 3: Remorse/Romance Phase

  • Abuser becomes what
  • May take what action
  • High number of women return to where

Traits of the abuser in phase 3 (Remorse/Romance)
ASLD

Traits of the victim in phase 3 (Remorse/Romance)
GHLLD

A

Abuser becomes tender, apologetic, gift giving, proclaims love, one time event etc.

Abuser may take actions and demonstrate willingness/desire to change (i.e. rehab, stop drinking etc)

High number of women return to the abuser during this phase, believing the abuser and their actions to be sincere

Apologies and promises
Shows insecurities
Loving
Demonstrates dependency on the victim

Guilt
Hope
Loneliness
Low-self esteem
Dependency
19
Q

Challenges Facing Women: Why do they stay?

9 Fs

A
Fear of injury (or death)
Finances
Family
Faith
Father
Fatigue
Fantasy and Forgiveness
Familiar
Foresight
20
Q

What is the goal of nursing interventions in relation to family violence?
EPM

A

to empower the client to take control
to provide support
to maximize safety

21
Q
Screening:  Role of the Nurse
Ask what
Acknowledge what
Validate what
Access what
Explore what
Refer to what
 Document what
A
Ask the question
Acknowledge the abuse
Validate the woman’s experience
Access immediate safety
Explore options
Refer to services at the woman’s request
Document the interaction
22
Q

Screening for Abuse

URI

A

Universal
Routine
Indicator Based

23
Q

Barriers to Screening and Disclosure
Barriers to screening from
Barriers to disclosure from

A

Barriers to screening from the provider’s perspective

Barriers to disclosure from the client’s perspective
I don’t want people to know
Gossip

24
Q

Asking the Question

A

Responding when she says “YES”
Responding when she says “NO” and you suspect “YES”
Responding when she says “NO”

25
Q

Guiding Principles for Screening ABCD-ER

Attitude and approachability 
Belief 
Confidentiality
Documentation
Education
Recognition
A

Attitude and approachability of the health care provider

Belief in the women’s account of her experience

Confidentiality is essential for disclosure

Documentation that is consistent and legible

Education about the serious effects of violence & abuse

Recognition that dealing with violence & abuse has to be at her pace, directed by her decisions

26
Q

Documentation

Document what 
Accuracy is what
Document as soon as what
Use tools such as what
With a clients permission do what
A

Document quotes, observed behaviour, physical assessment and interventions (facts not opinions)

Accuracy is important (specifics – who/what/where/when)

Document as soon as possible – document physical and psychological symptoms – be objective, quote the client) when possible

Use tools such as body maps to document locations and patterns of physical injuries

With a clients permission photograph injuries

27
Q

What types of nursing actions might jeopardize your relationships with patients experiencing abuse?
TBVC

A

Telling people what to do
Blaming the victim
Violating confidentiality
Confronting the abuser about the abuse

28
Q

Challenges of a rural setting related to family violence include:
LDLIF

Lack of access to
Decreased what
Lack of
Increased number of what
Fewer
A

Lack of access to public transportation/phone service

Decreased anonymity and confidentiality

Lack of services / ineffective services

Increased number of weapons in the home (i.e. hunting)

Fewer resources (i.e. employment, child care etc.)

29
Q

What needs to be considered when a disclosure of abuse is made?
Reporting of violence and abuse against who
Young women and disclosure of abuse (age of consent for sexual activity is what)
Children who

A

Reporting of violence and abuse against females

Young women and disclosure of abuse
-Age of consent for sexual activity is 16 years in Canada

Children who witness violence and abuse

30
Q

Child Maltreatment
Professionals must report cases in which they suspect what
-Child protection overrides what

Reporting child abuse/neglect
anyone who suspects that a child is abused has what duty
You are not expected to determine if a child is being what
Members of the public are obligated by law to do what
There are legal consequences of what

Who do I report to?
SCPF

A

“Professionals must report cases in which they suspect that a child is or may be suffering or may have suffered abuse”

Child protection overrides obligation to confidentiality

  • Anyone who suspects that a child is being abused or neglected has a legal duty to report it
  • You are not expected to determine if a child is being abused or neglected
  • Members of the public are obligated by the law to report suspected abuse or neglect
  • There are legal consequences for failing to report a suspicion of abuse or neglect (in Saskatchewan)

Social Services Child Protection Office
A community crisis centre or unit
A police officer
A First Nations Child and Family Service Agency

31
Q

Abuse against Older Adults

RUAR

A

Reassurance
Unlike child abuse, reporting is not mandatory
Abuse help lines in SK Tel phonebooks
Review available services

32
Q

Nursing Practice & Family Violence
Government of Saskatchewan

LEGISLATION
C
Section what

V
Something to do with leases

A

Gunshot and Stab Wounds Mandatory Reporting Act (effective Sept 1, 2007)

2nd province in Canada to enact this legislation

Overrides confidentiality requirements

Child and Family Services Act
Section 11

Victims of Interpersonal -Violence Act
Break a fixed term lease in cases of IPV (Can put application for victim to break a lease if theres violence)