Family Nursing Week 2 Flashcards
What are the three theoretical perspectives
CFD
CFAM’s theoretical perspectives
Family systems theory
Developmental and family life cycle theory
What are the 6 theoretical foundations of Calgary Family Assessment Model
PSCCCB
Postmodernism Systems Theory Cybernetics Communication Theory Change Theory Biology of Cognition
Postmodernism
- Values what?
- Looks at what
- Described as
- Debates what
- How do we see this in CFAM
Values pluralism, says theres many world views and explanations
- Looks at relativism and subjectivism
- Same experience but varied by person
Debates knowledge - where does it come from? Postmodernist question taken for granted ideas/assumptions
Values all version of the story and everyones experience of illness/suffering
Systems theory
- What is the system?
- How do see this in CFAM? 4 IFAF
- How important is it for nursing
- How does it concern people? 2 PD
- Foundation of what?
A system is a complex of elements in mutual interaction
- Individuals and the whole (Suprasystem, subsystems)
- Family as a whole is greater than the sum of its parts
- A change in 1 family member affects all members
- Families create balance between change and stability
-Its a big one for family nursing
- How people interact together
- How does one impact others
Foundation of CFAM
Cybernetics
- Science of what
- Shifts what
- What ability?
- What feedback?
- How is it related to system change
- Key focus of?
Science of communication and control theory
Shifts the focus from substance to form (not what is being said but how is it being said)
Self-regulating ability of family systems(feedback loops) {positive/negative feedback look]
Simultaneous feedback processes (several system levels)
How actions in system change environment and how do we look at those process of change
Equilibrium
Communication Theory
- What communication is meaningful
- How is communication theory apparent in CFAM?2 C(CR)
- What is content and what is relationship
All non verbal communication is important
- Attention to channels of communication (digital/analog)
- All communication has two levels - content and relationship
Content is what is being said and relationship is how im being spoken to
Change theory
- What are the two levels of change and describe them
- What are the 9 concepts of change theory PSCGUEFIM
- What change are we looking for
- Nurses do what for change theory
First order change deals with the existing structure, doing more or less of something, and involving a restoration of balance.
Second order change is creating a new way of seeing things completely. Second order change requires new learning (maladaptive to positive family change = system changes) [Counselling environment]
- Change is dependent on the perception of the problem
- Change is determined by structure
- Change is dependent on the context
- Change is dependent on co-evolving goals for treatment
- Understanding alone does not equal change
- Change does not always occur equally in all family members
- Facilitating change is the nurse’s responsibility
- Change occurs by fitting interventions offered by the nurse with the biopsychosocial-spirtitual structures of the family
- Change can have multiple causes
We try to impact positive change
Nurses help families move on with their change
Biology of Cognition
- What are the two avenues that we can use to explain our world and explain them
- What does “We bring fourth our realities through interacting with the world, ourselves and others through language” mean?
- Whose perception is valid?
- Objectivity – one domain of reference explains the world – we exist independently of observers (in some cases)[S&S, VS]
- Objectivity in parentheses – truths are created and brought forth by observer —- nothing is certain, everyone’s view is version of a presumably
Reality isn’t waiting to be discovered, we bring it life through our interactions with ourselves/others, we construct our realities and understandings
Everyones perception is valid, interact with their world and accept that there’s multiple worlds
Family Systems theory
- Focus?
- Type of assessment?
- Types of interventions? FCP
- Assumptions 6 SDDECN
Family being more then a sum of their parts
The interactions betwn family members
Assess the interactions and what theyre like
Facilating change
Creating family genegram
Planning sessions with all family members
- The family as social system with shared goals and functions (Individual is both a part and a whole)
- Designed to maintain stability (adaptive or maladaptive)
- Families are dynamic and respond to stresses
- Emphasis is on the whole family.
- Any change in one family member affect all members
- Nurse’s goals are to help maintain or restore the stability of the family
Family Systems theory
Concept 1: All parts of the system are interconnected
3 WAE
Concept 2: The whole is more than the sum of its parts 4 FATB
- What influences one part of the system affects all parts of the system
- All members affected because they are connected
- Effect on members varies in intensity and quality(Looking at whats changed recently (Their roles))
- Family is considered more than the individual lives of family members. (Not just the people but the entire family)
- All relationships are viewed together (Look at how each member changes not just who is experiencing change the worst)
- The family as a whole are affected by an unexpected life event
- —–E.g., In order to think about how the family as a whole, think about how each family member acts following a significant change or transition.
- Individuals are best understood within their larger context
- Behaviour is important (What are some transitions?)
Family Systems theory Concept 3: All systems have some form of boundaries or borders between the system and its environment -Families control what? -Boundaries are what? -What is closed, open and flexible mean?
Concept 4: Systems can be further organized into subsystems (IMPORTANT) 5 CTBIA
Families control the information and people coming into its family system to protect individual family members or family as a whole.
-Boundaries are physical or imaginary lines that are used as barriers to entry in the family system
-Closed: More isolation and limits passage of energy, ideas, people and information
Open: Greater interchange of information, energy, and people
Flexible: Control and selectively open or close to gain balance or adapt to the situation.
- Consider subsystems of the family
- These subsystems take into account: structure, function, processes
- By understanding structure, function, and processes, interventions can achieve specific family outcomes
- Individual relationships as sub systems
- —Child to child
- —Father to child
- Assess them and see what the interactions look like
Developmental and Family Life Cycle Theory
- Focus LIL
- Types of assessment
- Types of interventions
- Life cycle of families
- looking at things over time
- Looking at normative (usual function) changes that most families will experience in that stage of life
-Assess normative/predictive and non
Looking at their family development
Assumptions of DFLC Theory 6 EEOGFF
- Explain changes in the family system over time
- Each family will experience each stage of development uniquely (but, common and predictable stages of transition are assumed)
- Often to do with coming and going of family members (birth, launching children, retirement)
- Generally predictable, despite cultural and ethnic variations
- Family behaviour is influenced by the past Families develop and change over time in similar ways and patterns
- Families and family members seek to perform certain developmentally specific tasks (predictable or expected)
Definitions of DFLC
- Stages
- Transitions
- Tasks
Stages: An interval of time where the relationships between the structure, interactions and roles within the family are both qualitatively and quantitatively distinct from other periods (e.g., Families with young children)
-What are the typical things that are going on
Transitions: Separate each developmental stage from the next. Transitions are normal, though the function of different roles/expectations of specific family members may differ
- Normal break between stages
- Some people in multiple stages
Tasks: Family unit strives to meet the demands and needs of members, who are each striving to meet their own individual developmental tasks. Successful achievement contributes to satisfaction and success with tasks at later developmental stages
-things that must be done to move on to the next stage smoothly
Examples of six stages JYALME
Not all families fit the same mold
Leaving home: emerging young adults
- Joining of families through marriage/union
- Families with young children
- Families with adolescents
- Launching of children and moving on at midlife
- Families in late middle age
- Families nearing the end of life
