Lecture 8 - Ethnic & Race Relations

Question 1

What is Ethnicity?

Answer 1

• Ethnicity refers to social distinctions and relations among individuals and groups based upon their cultural characteristics

Question 2

What is Race?

Answer 2

• Race refers to peoples assumed but socially significant physical or genetic characteristics (physical characteristics that we can’t see but know are there [genetics])

Question 3

What is Monopolistic Closure?

Answer 3

• Monopolistic Closure – economic, political, and social processes where members of the in-group have access to scarce resources and outsiders don’t

Question 4

What is Racialization?

Answer 4

• Racialization – a set of social processes and practices through which social relations among people are structured by the signification of human biological characteristics in such a way as to define and construct differentiated social collectivities. Creates social positions of superiority and inferiority. (Hierarchies)

Question 5

What is Colonialism?

Answer 5

• Colonialism – the “extension of civilization,” control over a dependent country, territory, or people (direct control over dependent peoples)

Question 6

What is Post-Colonialism?

Answer 6

• Post-Colonial – studies deal with the legacy of colonialism. Studying the social consequences of colonialism, including continued exploitation, resistance, and denial

Question 7

What happened in Early Colonialism 1700s?

Answer 7

• Early-Colonialism: 1700s – Nation to nation relationship between the crown and first nations. Focus on trade and military alliances

Question 8

What happened in Settler Colonialism 1800s?

Answer 8

• Settler Colonialism: 1800s – Aboriginal groups increasingly desperate and facing existential challenges due to impacts of white settlement (starvation, disease, alcohol)

Question 9

What is Individualism in Colonial aspect?

Answer 9

• Individualism – assumption of Christian values and an agricultural lifestyle

Question 10

What is Civilization in Colonial aspect?

Answer 10

• Civilization – abandoning traditional beliefs and practices and becoming self-sufficient in a manner indistinguishable from the wider society

Question 11

What is Lost Harvest?

Answer 11

• Lost Harvests – view that government had a deliberate policy to not fund agriculture development

Question 12

What were Entrance Groups?

Answer 12

People who immigrated to Canada and were given free land because they were culturally compatible

Question 13

What was the Immigration Act (1910)?

Answer 13

• Immigration Act – prohibited people deemed “mentally defective, idiots, imbeciles, feeble-minded, epileptics, insane, diseased, the physically defective, the dumb, blind, or otherwise handicapped”

Question 14

What was the KKK conflict in Alberta?

Answer 14

• Lighting up crosses
• More so in conflict with Catholics and Protestants
• Government more concerned with possible fires, and not racial tension

Question 15

What country was top source of immigration in 1950s?

Answer 15

UK and rest of Europe

Question 16

What country was top source of immigration in 2010

Answer 16

Philippines with China and India close behind

Question 17

What are the 4 major classes of Immigrants?

Answer 17

1. ) Skilled Workers
2. ) Family Class
3. ) Refugees
4. ) Business Immigrants

Question 18

What are two reasons for Socio-Economic Inequalities?

Answer 18

1. ) Culturalism

2. ) Political Economy

Question 19

What is Racism?

Answer 19

Based on “othering” and is often started through labour problems where minorities are blocked from certain opportunities or seen to be competing with the dominant group

Question 20

What is Prejudice?

Answer 20

• Prejudice – negative views of and attitudes about members of various minority groups

Question 21

What is Discrimination?

Answer 21

• Discrimination – practices that affect certain social groups (reproducing inequalities and stereotypes)

Question 22

What is Systematic Discrimination?

Answer 22

• Systematic Discrimination – patterns of behaviour, policies or practices that are part of the structures of an organization, and which create or perpetuate disadvantage for racialized persons. It has a broad impact on an industry, profession, company, or geographic area.

Question 23

What is Democratic Racism?

Answer 23

• Democratic Racism – if society is fair (no racism) and equal, inequality can be explained by blaming those who are disadvantaged