Lecture 3 - Socialization Flashcards
What is Socialization?
The acquisition of knowledge, skills, and motivation to participate in social life. In other words, it is the process whereby individuals learn, through interaction with others.
What is the Nature Argument?
Human behaviour is determined by biological forces
What is the Nurture Argument?
Human behaviour is influenced by the environment
What is the effect of social isolation?
Hampers the ability to develop human traits, handle life’s ups and downs, and affects the way we age
What is Classical Conditioning?
Stimulus –> response, then becomes associated with a different stimulus
- Pavlov’s dog
What is Operant/Instrumental Conditioning?
Learning to make a certain response because of the outcome that the response produces
- rewards and punishments
What is the Symbolic Interactionist Frame of Reference?
Humans are asocial at birth and become actors and reactors as they develop through interactions with others
What did George Herbert Mead say?
People are born Tabula Rasa, or as blank slates
- Me develops with socialization and I continues to exist
What is Functionalism?
Emphasis on the role of the importance of socialization and how conformity helps to create and preserve social harmony
- Cooperation
What is Conflict Theory?
Attention is on power and social control created by socialization. Inequality and status quo are learned and taken for granted
What are Gender Roles?
Expectations related to masculinity and feminity
What are Sex Roles?
Expectations related to biology
What is the most important agent of socialization during infancy and childhood?
The Family
- shape our values and beliefs and earliest source of emotional attachments
What is Reciprocal Socialization?
Socialization is a two-way process, not just children but the parents are affected too
What is the second most important agent of Socialization?
The Peer Group
- they provide approval and the influence is strong during adolescence
- Peer pressure is short-term influence
What is the Hidden Curriculum?
Emphasize dominant societal values and social hierarchies - unequal educational opportunities because of class-ism, racism and sexism
What is an important secondary agent of socialization?
Mass Media
- messages have been linked to crime, disordered eating, sexuality
- impact of media in shaping behaviour is often overstated.
What is Anticipatory Socialization?
How individuals acquire values and orientations that they will inhabit later inlife
What is is Resocialization?
Events, social movements, and technological developments affect our behaviours, relationships and self-images
What is the biggest take away from the socialization process?
The socialization process is powerful, dynamic, diverse, and lifelong
