Lecture 8- Cortical processing of vision Flashcards
What are the characteristics of M ganglion cells?
- M (parasol) ganglion cells - magni= large -large receptive fields -subserve motion detection, flicker and analysis of gross features -not good at telling what it is we are seeing
What are the characteristics of P ganglion cells?
-P (midget) ganglion cells -parvi= small -more numerous -visual acuity and colour vision -tells us what it is we are seeing more
What is the visual pathway like?
- Retina 2. Optic nerve 3. LGN 4. Optic radiation 5. Visual cortex
Where do the LGN neurons project to in the V1?
- project to the primary visual cortex V1 -area 17 -occipital lobe around the calcarine fissure
What is the retinotopic organization of the visual system?
- neighbouring cells within the retina project to neighbouring cells in the LGN and visual cortex
- central part of vision= as far back in the occipital lobe as you can get
What is layer 4 for in the cortex?
-always the input area
What are the inputs into the V1?
- segregation of M and P pathways
- M cells terminate in layer 4Ca
- P cells terminate mainly in layer 4Cb
What are the outputs of V1?
- layer 3 and IVb (4B) and other cortical areas
- layer 5: superior colliculus
- layer 6: LGN
How much of the cortex is involved in vision?
- 40%
- the cortical visual system is composed of multiple visual areas with different functions
What are the two parallel visual streams?
- Dorsal pathway (WHERE) 2. Ventral pathway (WHAT)
What is the dorsal pathway about?
- where
- mid temporal lobe is important for detecting where an object is
- get info from M ganglion and M LGN cells then via V1 4Ca layer to MT (medial temporal lobe)
What is the ventral pathway about?
- what -inferior temporal lobe (IT) is the centre for object recognition
- visual processing through V1, V2,V4 and IT
- anterior and posterior subdivisions of the inferior temporal lobe
- get info from P ganglion, P LGN cells then from V1 via the 4Cb layer
What are the two subdivisions of inferior temporal lobe? (IT)
-anterior and posterior -these have to do with object recognition, different aspects of it
What is apperceptive agnosia?
- damage to posterior inferior temporal lobe (this is closer to V1 so less complex function)
- lesion in regions important for integrating visual information into sensory representations of entire objects
- ability to match an object is impaired
- can’t copy it
- can’t send the info from seeing to copying it
- cannot see object parts as a unified whole
- unable to construct sensory representation of visual stimuli
- part of ventral (what) pathway
What is associative agnosia?
- lesion in anterior inferior temporal lobe (further away from V1 so more complex function)
- can match or copy objects but cannot identify objects
- can copy but cannot tell you what it is
- cannot interpret, understand or assign meaning to objects
- sensory representation is created normally but cannot be associated with meaning, function or utility
- part of ventral (what) pathway