lecture 8 - cellular respiration Flashcards
Where does cellular respiration occur?
In the cytoplasm and mitochondria of Plant and Animal cells.
What do cells need energy from cellular respiration for? (4)
Mechanical work, making new materials, transport, maintain order
What is the overall equation for the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration?
glucose + 6 oxygen -> 6 carbon dioxide + 6 water + energy
What is the chemical formula for glucose?
C6H12O6
What is the typical size of a mitochondrion?
1-10µm
How many mitochondria are in each cell? What is this dependent on?
1-1000. The energy demand of the cell.
What are the features of mitochondria structure?
Mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, outer membrane, inner membrane (with folds - cristae), mitochondrial matrix
What are the three stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Pyruvate oxidation and the Citric Acid cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation.
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm/cytosol of the cell.
What is the process of glycolysis?
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate, generating 2 ATP, and high energy electrons which are transferred to the high energy electron carrier NAD+, making it into NADH. (2NADH are formed)
What is glucose converted to in glycolysis?
Pyruvate
How many carbons do pyruvate molecules have?
3
What is pyruvate converted into in the second stage of cellular respiration?
Acetyl CoA
What process forms 2 Acetyl CoA?
Pyruvate oxidation
What does pyruvate oxidation release/form?
2 Acetyl CoA, 2 Carbon dioxide, higher energy electrons in 2 NADH