lecture 33 - microbial pathogenicity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 key types of microbial pathogen?

A

Viruses, fungi, protozoa, Helminths, bacteria

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2
Q

What is the principle of Koch’s postulate?

A

Specific pathogens cause specific diseases

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3
Q

What is microbial pathogenesis?

A

A process in which pathogens infect cells, leading to damage and disease.

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4
Q

What are the 4 stage of microbial pathogenesis?

A

Adherence to host cells, invasion of host tissues, replication within host, damage & disease

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5
Q

What bacterial virulence factors aid in the adherence stage of pathogenesis?

A

Adhesins, e.g. fimbriae

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6
Q

What bacterial virulence factors aid in the invasion stage of pathogenesis?

A

Flagella provide motility, Internalin-related proteins help pathogen ‘burrow in’

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7
Q

What bacterial virulence factors aid in the replication stage of pathogenesis?

A

Siderophores bind iron, and capsules resist phagocytosis

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8
Q

What bacterial virulence factors aid in the damage/disease stage of pathogenesis?

A

Endotoxins and exotoxins

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9
Q

What are endotoxins?

A

A virulence factor - Lipopolysaccharides found in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria that elicit a strong immune response.

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10
Q

What immune responses are elicited by endotoxins?

A

Fever, inflammation, shock, blood clotting

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11
Q

What are exotoxins?

A

Proteins that are released from bacterial cells and have a toxic effect on the host’s tissues.

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12
Q

What is the difference between bacterial endotoxins and exotoxins?

A

Endotoxins are membrane-bound compounds that elicit inflammation, while Exotoxins are proteins released from bacterial cells that have the potential to act distant to the site of infection.

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of bacterial exotoxins?

A

Cytotoxins, neurotoxins, enterotoxins

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14
Q

What are cytotoxins?

A

exotoxins released by bacteria that harm cells, e.g. via lysis

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15
Q

What are bacterial neurotoxins?

A

Exotoxins released by bacteria that destroy nerve tissue. e.g. inhibiting ACh release causing paralysis.

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16
Q

What are enterotoxins?

A

Bacterial exotoxins that cause harm to the digestive system, and may have symptoms such as bleeding and diarrhoea