Lecture 8- bone growth and pathology Flashcards
Ossification
natural process of cartilage being transformed into bone.
Oss means
something to do with bone production
Diaphysis
shaft of the bone. Primary centre of ossification.
Epiphysis
end of bones. Secondary centre of ossification.
What happens when length of bones increase,
extremities or epiphysis of bones form.
Epiphyseal plates
growth plates formed of cartilage
Moulding
Bone growth in width
Endosteum
Inside of shaft of long bone
Medullary cavity
Central cavity within endosteum that store red/yellow bone marrow
Bone patholgy
When one of the main classes of cells overtakes another. = an imbalance of osteoclast and osteoblast activity
Osteoporosis
When bone degrades at a faster rate than it can be replaced. Makes bone more porous (holey).
Porous (holey) bone leads to
vulnerability to fractures. Loss of bone volume= less cancellous bone= more likely to collapse
Compressive forces on porous bone have ability to
fracture vertebrae and collapse it.
Oestrogen is important for…
bone production.
Causes of osteoperosis
Ageing, lack of exercise, bone mass and nutritional factors.
Articulation
Where bones meet. Bone communication.
A joint is..
where bones are held together. Allows free movement/ control of movement.
Hyaline or articular cartilage
covers bone surfaces. Provides smooth frictionless surface for other bones to articulate over.
Fibrocartilage
tough/strong tissue. Made up of collagen fibres and chondrocytes. Resists compression and tension.
Chondrocytes
Cells that form tissue.
Synovial
Free moving joint
Cartilage composition includes
Chondrocytes, collagen fibres and nutrients diffuse through matrix by joint loading
Vascular
where vessels of ducts are provided to carry fluids
Meniscus
Concave disks of fibrocartilaginous tissue. e.g in knee- medial and lateral meniscus.
