Lecture 8- Assessing personality Flashcards
what is personality?
the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individuals distinctive character.
what are the 3 theories of personality?
psychodynamic
client-centred
behavioural and social cognitive leart
Psychodynamic theory:
describe the ID
desires you possess. Works on the pleasure principle
Psychodynamic theory:
Describe the Ego
reason and self-control
the rational part and decides when it is appropriate for the ID to satisfy its needs.
Psychodynamic theory:
Describe the superego
the moral arm of the personality.
ideal of what people should be like
traditional values and ideals which tries to stop the id urges
what is the client centred theory?
allows people to relax and get support and hence are more likely to get better
what is the behavioural and social cognitive theory?
why do people do what they do?
what principle did bandura came up with?
recipricol determinism
explain Bandura’s principle of recipricol determinism
it is made up of 3 parts; behaviour, environmental factors and personal factors.
Behaviour is how things work with each other. Environmental factors involves the upbringing of the person and personal factors involve who the person is.
what is CBT used for?
way of treating people by recognising irrational thoughts
During CBT, what are the 2 processes that are working against each other
the schema (engraved way of thinking) and automatic thoughts (i can’t do this)
what does catastrophic and absolustic thinking lead to?
distorted ways of looking at oneself and the environment
what are 5 examples of common patterns of irrational thinking?
catastrophic thinking absolustic thinking emotional reasoning mind reading labelling
common patterns of irrational thinking:
catastrophic thinking
extreme example of over generalisation, where the impact is amplified to extreme proportions
common patterns of irrational thinking:
absolustic thinking
a division of complex outcomes into polarised extremes e.g. “i succeed at this or i’m a total failure.”
common patterns of irrational thinking:
emotional reasoning
a conclusion is based on an emotional state e.g. “i feel this way, hence i am this way.”
common patterns of irrational thinking:
mind reading
negative inferences about the thoughts, motives and intentions of another person
common patterns of irrational thinking:
labelling
an undesirable characterisation of a person or event e.g. “because i was not selected, i am a failure”
what are the 2 books for diagnosis?
DSM-5 and ICD-10
what is a personality disorder?
an enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that…
deviates from cultural expectations
is pervasive and inflexible
has an onset from adolescence or early adulthood
is stable over time
leads to distress
what are the 5 ideals needed for a personality disorder?
deviates from cultural expectations is pervasive and inflexible has an onset from adolescence or early adulthood is stable over time leads to distress
Cluster A:
paranoid
schizoid
schizotypal
Cluster A:
paranoid
a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness such that others’ motivates are seen as malevolent
Cluster A:
schizoid
a pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of emotional expression.
Cluster A:
schizotypal
a pattern of acute discomfort in close relationships, cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities in behaviour
Cluster B:
antisocial
borderline
histrionic
narcissistic
Cluster B:
antisocial
a pattern of disregard for, and violation, of, the rights of others
Cluster B:
borderline
a pattern of instability in personal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity
Cluster B:
histrionic
a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking
Cluster B:
narcissistic
a pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration and lack of empathy
Cluster C:
avoidant
dependent
obsessive compulsive
Cluster C:
avoidant
a pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
Cluster C:
dependent
a pattern of submissive or/and clinging behaviour related to an excessive need to be taken care of
Cluster C:
obsessive- compulsive
a pattern of pre-occupation with orderliness, perfectionism and control
what are 4 ways of doing personality testing?
structured clinical interviews
face-valid assessment
psychopath tests
projective personality assessment
personality testing:
psychopath tests
answering questions in specific ways to these tests, can show unconscious issues
personality testing
projective personality assessment, what are the 3 examples of these?
rorshach ink blot test
thematic apperception test
bender visual motor gesault test
personality testing:
projective personality testing
thematic apperception test
shown a real life picture and asked how did they get there and what’s happened? Too many worrying responses shows an issue.
personality testing:
projective personality testing
bender visual motor gesault test
the way people copy drawings can show issues
