Lecture 8 - Anemia Flashcards
Which vitamins and mineral are involved in RBC synthesis?
Folate
B12
Protein
Which vitamins and mineral are involved in hemoglobin ?
B6
Fe
Glycine
Protein
Which vitamins and mineral are involved in the maintenance of RBCs?
Vitamin E
-prevents free radicals from impacting the cell wall
Which vitamins and mineral are involved in clotting function?
Vitamin K
Ca
Protein
Eicosanoids
Which vitamins and mineral are involved in oncotic pressure?
Proteins
What is PLP?
Pyridoxal Phosphate
-an essential cofactor for delta aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS)
Where does PLP and ALAS come from?
From Krebs cycle
-substrate for reaction includes succinylcholine CoA& glycine
What does a deficiency win B6 lead to?
B6 required in the 1st step of heme synthesis in all tissues
-rxn occurs in the mitochondria
Deficiency of B6 or malabsorption will inhibit heme synthesis
-if your body doesn’t have enough B6 the body won’t start this process
Where is hemoglobin synthesized?
Liver and bone marrow
Why is vitamin C important?
increases bioavailability of non-heme Fe
-acts as a reducing agent to turn Fe3 to Fe2 to be absorbed better in the body
-Chelate remains soluble in the small intestine intestine improving absorption `
What is the effect of Vitamin C related too?
It is dose related
Why is vitamin E important?
Is a strong antioxidant which stabilizes membranes to prevent oxidative damage
- helps prolong RBC life
- helps reduce platelet aggregation and platelet adhesion to collagen
What is erythropoiesis?
Hematopoietic tissue in bone marrow produce RBC (red bone marrow)
What do erythroblasts require during their differentiation?
Folate and B12 for proliferation
What are folate and B12 important for?
Involved in DNA and RNA synthesis
Helps RBCs to form and split
What does a deficiency in Folate or B12 result in?
Deficiency inhibits purine and Thymidylate synthesis
- which causes cells to die early
- causes erythroblast apoptosis
What is Fe required for?
Hemoglobin synthesis
What is a deficiency in Fe result in?
Inhibits heme synthesis and RBC contain reduced amount of hemoglobin (hypochromic)
where does most of the Fe in your body go too?
80% Fe transported to bone marrow for heme synthesis
At what stage of the RBC does the bone marrow release it into the body?
Reticulocyte phase
What are the different kind of nutritional anemias you can have?
Microcytic, hypochromic: low hemoglobin levels, heme requires Fe, B6 (Vt C to enhance Fe absorption), glycine
Macrocytic: Immature RBC, cellular differentiation requires folate and B12
Normocytic, Normochromic: Anemia due to chronic disease
What does it mean to have Fe Deficiency?
Hypochromic mycrocytic
-Missing hemoglobin if you font have enough Fe you don’t have the hemoglobin to give it the colour
What does it mean when you have an anemia of chronic disease?
Related to inflammation of the body due to chronic conditions (small but norma in colour)
What do RBC look like when you have macrocytic/megaloblastic anemia?
Big and red RBC
-due to lack of folate and or B12 deficiency which affects DNA synthesis