Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the advantages of anthropometry and body comp data?

A

Easy to determine and obtain from people (ht, Wt)

Many are quick safe and non invasive

Useful to:
-estimate nutritional status
-evaluate growth
determine response to Tx
track changes over time
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2
Q

What are limitations to anthropometry and body comp data measurements?

A

Measurement errors:

  • valid, reproducuible, accurate?
  • Calibrated?
  • Protocol for measuring
  • Trained technician
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3
Q

What are the limitations to anthropometry and body comp data?

A
Limit in:
Interpretation of parameters
Affected by hydration status
ethnic variation
Familial variation 
Environmental
Cant identify a specific nutrient deficiency
Self reporting not as accurate as measuring
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4
Q

What results an underestimation of BMI?

A

Underestimation of weight

Over estimation of height

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5
Q

What is anthropometry?

A

Evaluation fo body size, wt, proportions:

  • Ht
  • Wt
  • Circumference
  • Elbow breadth
  • Skin fold thickness
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6
Q

What kind of calculations do we use?

A

Indexs
IBW
BMI
-with raw data and compare them with standard norms

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7
Q

Why do we compare data with standards and norms?

A
  • Indicate things
  • Reference data
  • Standard of growth and development
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8
Q

Why do wee look at comparisons over time?

A

Allows to see changes
-rate of growth, change in wt and circumference

Helpful to predict trends

Helpful to estimate nutrition adequacy

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9
Q

Why dow e use ht and wt?

A

Easy to obtain
Useful to help evaluate nutrition status and growth
Gage stunting

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10
Q

What is stunting?

A

Inadequate stature or inappropriate height growth

  • length/stature for age below 3rd% on growth charts is slow
  • but appropriate for weight for height.

May reflect long term malnutrition in infants, children and teenagers

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11
Q

What anthropomorphic changes are the most sensitive?

A
Weight
Height
Head Circumference 
-most to least sensitive 
-these will be affected if there is longterm nutritional inadequacies
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12
Q

What is wasting?

A

When wt for length is below 3rd% OR BMI for age is below 5% on growth charts

  • can reflect recent short-term malnutrition or dehydration in infants kids and teens
  • reflects recent nutritional intake
  • gross estimation of muscle and fat stores
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13
Q

What are the different weights we can account for/

A
CBU/UBW
Wt at admission
Wt change, %Wt change
IBW
%IBW
BMI
Wt History (with or without trying)
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14
Q

What is a measuring rod?

A

Direct measurement using a statiometer

  • standing height
  • can star between 2-3yo
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15
Q

How do we measure infant-2yo?

A

Laying down measurement because its hard to get them into the position you want to measure them in

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16
Q

What is the procedure for statiometer measuring?

A
Remove shoes
Stand straight with spine against wall
Shoulders relaxed, arms at side
Heels together, flat feet
Heels butt and shoulders touching wall
Head and eyes looking forward (Frankfort Horizontal Plane)
Compress haiir
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17
Q

What is a recumbent measure?

A

Measuring length when laying down flat

-crown to heal measurement

18
Q

What is the procedure for measuring length when using a ruled board?

A
Lay infant on board
Place head at non movable end
Stretch child
Hold head straight
Place movable end against bottom of feet
Measure from crown to feet
19
Q

What are indirect measurements?

A

Used to calculate estimated Ht if patient is

  • bed/chain bound
  • Not able to stand/stand straight
20
Q

What is the procedure for knee height?

A

Bend both left knee and ankle at 90 degrees
Put fused blade of a large sliding caliber under heel
Put movable blade of calipe over anterior surface of thigh
Measure distance with caliber shaft parallel to tibia and fibula

21
Q

When doing knee measurements which position is best for thee patient to be in?

A
Supine position (laying facing up)
Gives more accuracy then sitting
22
Q

What is the procedure for measuring arm span ?

A

Stretch arms out from body at 90 degrees

Measure distance from tip of middle finger on right hand to tip of middle finger on left

23
Q

why do we measure arm span?

A

Reflects maximal height of adults

  • may not be accurate in africana Americans and asians
  • predictive measurement
24
Q

How do we measure body weight?

A

Various scales (some need to be zeroed out)

  • electronic
  • balanc beam

Spring shouldn’t be used because of inaccuracy over time

25
What is the procedure for standing scales?
Make sure scale is calibrated Zero scale Remove shoes and heavy clothing Stand still in centre
26
When measuring body weight what are we accounting for?
Amputations - account for what the total % would have been of their real weight for the removed portion - predicted weight
27
How do you estimate BW that is unavailable from anthropometric measures?
Using equations - knee ht - mid upper arm circumference - calf circumference - sub-scapular skin fold thickness
28
Who do we measure head circumference for?
Infant and toddler up to 36months | -based and compared to growth charts
29
What are the extreme ranges for head growth growth charts?
less than 3rd% and greater than 97th - can lead to potential health nutrition or developmental problems - severe malnutrition decreases head circumference growth
30
What is thee procedure for head growth measurement?
Hold head still Put cloth measures tape around most prominent part of occiput and around forehead abode supraorbital ridge tighten and hold
31
Why do we like to know waist circumference?
Correlated with visceral fat stores | Helps to predict risk of diseases associated with obesity
32
What makes a waste circumference measurement not accurate?
BMI greater than 25 Hy less than 5 ft
33
What is the difference between android and gyroid obestiy?
Android is more apple shaped Gynoid is more pear -only looking at distribution of fat
34
Which is worse, android or gynoid?
Android because it contains more visceral fat and this type has more fat in the upper body located were the organs are
35
What is the procedure of waist circumference?
Stand straight, abdomen relaxed, feet together and arms at side Measure distance around smaller area of body, above belly button and below ribs when patient breathes out
36
What is the procedure for hip circumference measurement?
Stand straight, abdomen relax and feet together | Measure distance around largest area of hips with tape measure
37
What is MAC?
Mid upper arm | -reflects skeletal muscle bone and subcutaneous fat
38
what is the procedure for MAC?
Stand or sit Bend arm to 90 degrees over belly button Measure distance between acromion process of scapula and tip of elbow Determine and mark the mid upper arm point Use tape measure to determine arm circumference at the halfway point f
39
what is thee calf circumference procedure?
Stand or sit Heel on floor, 20 cm apart Measure around largest part of calf, perpendicular to long axis If sitting, bend kneee at 90 degree
40
How do you measure frames size and what is the procedure for that?
Elbow breadth -gives us an idea of body frame size Flex elbow 90 degrees Point slicing caliber blades up Measure distance between epicondyles of humerus Comparee to standards
41
What is another measure for body frame size?
Wrist measurement Measure around smallest area of wrist (distal to styloid process and toward thee fingers