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NURA 621 Chem Phys > Lecture 8-9_190620-21 > Flashcards

Lecture 8-9_190620-21 Flashcards

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1
Q

Human BioChem flow chart

A

Nutrients > Transport > Metabolism

> amino acids, carbs, lipids

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2
Q

Amino Acids

A 
< > Proteins
>> Structures: cells, tissues, organs
>> Regulation &amp; communication: signaling molecules
>>>Nucleic Acids: information > proteins
>> enzymes, coagulation, immune system
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3
Q

Carbohydrates

A 
> Proteins
>> Ammino Acids
>> Structures: cells, tissues, organs
>> Regulation &amp; communication: signaling molecules
>>> Nucleic Acids: information > proteins
>> enzymes, coagulation, immune system
> Glycoconjugates
>> enzymes, coagulation, immune system
> Structure: membranes
> Signaling molecules
> Lipids
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4
Q

Carbohydrates-Lipids

A

< > energy

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5
Q

Lipids

A 
> Signaling molecules
> Structure: membranes
> Carbohydrates
> Glycoconjugates
>> enzymes, coagulation, immune system
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6
Q

Substrate + Enzyme

A

= ES (affinitely) = EP = E + P

= ES (high affinitely) = EP (blocking the site)

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7
Q

Reation profile for enzyamatic and non-enzymatic reactions

A

STUDY SLIDE 4!!!

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8
Q

Michalis Menten Equation

A 
V = Vmax * S / (Km + S)
V = rate (micromol/min/mg protein)
S = substate concentration (mmol/L)
Km = Vmax/2 (substrate concentration @ Vmax/2)
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9
Q

Chiral carbon

A

attached to 4 different types types of atoms or groups of atoms
*stereo

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10
Q

Right

A

R (rectus) or D (dexter)

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11
Q

Left

A

S (sinister) or L (laevos)

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12
Q

Possible configurations

A

x # of chiral carbons

2^x possible configurations

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13
Q

D-Glucose

A

“D”extrose: D-Aldoses

H -    C --O
          I
H -    C - OH
          I
HO - C - H
          I
H -    C - OH
          I
H -    C - OH
          I
         CH2OH

6 carbons, 4 chirol, 2^4 = 16 possibilities

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14
Q

D-Mannose

A

D-Aldoses

H -    C --O
          I
HO - C - H
          I
HO - C - H
          I
H -    C - OH
          I
H -    C - OH
          I
         CH2OH

6 carbons, 4 chirol, 2^4 = 16 possibilities

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15
Q

D-Glactose

A

D-Aldoses

H -    C --O
          I
H -    C - OH
          I
HO - C - H
          I
HO - C - H
          I
H -    C - OH
          I
         CH2OH

6 carbons, 4 chirol, 2^4 = 16 possibilities

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16
Q

D-Fructose

A

D-Ketoses

         CH2OH
          I
         C -- OH
          I
HO - C - H
          I
H -    C - OH
          I
H -    C - OH
          I
         CH2OH

6 carbons, 3 chirol, 2^3 = 8 possibilities

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17
Q

Glucose to Lactic Acid

A

H - C –O +2ADP+Pi = -2ATP COOH
I I
H - C - OH (2) HO - C - H
I I
HO - C - H CH3
I
H - C - OH L-Lactate ~ Lactic Acid
I (C3H6O6)
H - C - OH
I
CH2OH

D-Glucose
(C6H12O6)

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18
Q

Glycolysis

A 
Glucose + Phospate > Glc-6-P (not = glucose)
> 2 Pyruvate
>> Protein
>> Lactate ~ Lactic Acid
>> Amino Acids
>> Fats
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19
Q

Pyruvate to L-Lactate

A

O – C - O^- NADH + H^+ = NAD^+ O–C - O^-
I I
C – O lactose HO - C - H
I dehydrogenase I
HO - C - H (LDH) CH3
I
H - C - OH L-Lactate ~ Lactic Acid
I (C3H6O6)
H - C - OH
I
CH3 *picks up 2Hs (decrease acidity)
*deltaG = -25.1 kJ/mol
Pyruvate

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20
Q

Glycolysis to Citris Acid Cylce (Kerbs)

A

Glucose > glycolysis (2ATP) > 2 Pyruvate (4-2=2ATP)
> Anaerobic connditions
» 2 Ethenol + 2CO2 (fermentation to alcohol in yeast)
» 2 Lactate (fermentation to lactate in vigerouly contracting muscle, erythrocytes/RBCs, some other cells, and in some microorganisms)
» 2ATP + H^+’s
> Aerobic conditions
» CO2
» 2 Acetyl-CoA
»> citric acid cycle > 4CO2+4H2O (animal, plant, and many microbial cells under aerobic conditions)
»> CO2
»> 32ATP

21
Q

Amphibilic pathway

A

both

catabolic

  • larger molecules broken down to smaller molecules
  • give off energy (deltaG “-“)

anabolic

  • forming larger more complex molecules from smaller molecules
  • use/require energy (deltaG “+”)
22
Q

TABLE 13-4

A

STUDY SLIDE 22!!!

23
Q

Kerbs Cylce

A

STUDY resources!!!

24
Q

Membrane Structure

A

Polar / Non-Polar Hydrophobic tail
Hydrophilic Head Non-Polar Hydrophobic tail

Longer carbonic chains = higher melting pt
- steric acid = 18:0

Nature = one tail with “cis” double bond (kink) in tail

Double bonds decrease melting pt

cis double bonds further reduce melthing pt

  • olic acid = 18:1
  • omega 3 = cis 3 carbons from end of tail/chain
  • Linolenic acid = 18:3
  • not in our diets b/c more reactive ~ shorter shelf life?
  • omega 6 = cis 6 carbons from end of tail/chain
  • Linoleic acid = 18:2 (veg. oils)
  • Arachidonic acid = 20:4

trans double bonds are not natural

  • tighter configeration = increased melting pt
  • health problems
25
Q

Transcription (in nucleus)

A

DNA & mRNA
- introns (not needed)
- extrons (needed)
5’ > 3’ non-template (coding) strand CGTA
RNA plymerase (opens DNA)
3’ < 5’ template strand GCAT
5’ > 3’ RNA transcript CGUA
mRNA leaves nucleus

26
Q

Translation (in cytosol) ~ protein synthesis

A

Activation of tRNA
> initiate translation of mRNA
*RNAse follows ~ mRNA degredation
> Elongation of polypeptide (ARG-GLY-etc)
> Termination of polypeptide
* 5’ amino terminus > 3’ carboxy terminus
> Folding of poylpeptide into protein / amino acid

27
Q

Start codon

A

AUG = Methionine

28
Q

Stop codon

A

some variation of UGA

29
Q

Codon

A

64 possible (444)

30
Q

Amino Acids

A

20
H
I
Basic amino H2N - C - COOH Acidic carboxyl group
group I
R (side chain)

31
Q

Protein in cytoplasm

A

Free ribosome

32
Q

Protein in cell membrane

A

Rough er

33
Q

tRNA

A

20 different, one for each amoni acid

34
Q

rRNA

A

80s (40s+60s) for EuKaryotic Ribosome
70s (30s+50s) for Bacterial Robosome
*different so drug can block bacterial and no eukaryotic!
**not the case for fungi and others

35
Q

L for

A

Amoni Acides

36
Q

D for

A

Carbs

37
Q

SLIDE 41

A

STUDY!!!!

38
Q

Aspartic Acid (Asp)

A

negatively charged side chain

39
Q

Glutamic Acid (Glu)

A

negatively charged side chain

40
Q

Aginine (Arg)

A

positively charged (N+) side chain

41
Q

Lysine (Lys)

A

positively charged (N+) side chain

42
Q

Histidine (His)

A

positively charged (N+) side chain

43
Q

Asparagine (Asn)

A

uncharged polar (N) side chain

44
Q

Glutamine (Gln)

A

uncharged polar (N) side chain

45
Q

Serine (Ser)

A

uncharged polar (OH) side chain

46
Q

Threonine (Thr)

A

uncharged polar (OH) side chain

47
Q

Tyrosine (Tyr)

A

uncharged polar (OH) side chain

48
Q

Remaining 10 Amino Acids

A

nonpolar

49
Q

Slides 41-47

A

STUDY!!!!!

NURA 621 Chem Phys (10 decks)

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