lecture 8 Flashcards
what is community succession for clement
cutting the forest down, it will grow back
what are pioneer species and climax communities
pioneer - first colonizers after disturbance, has ability to disperse but not compete
climax - the final stage, mature forest, species persist until another disturbance
what is primary succession
everything is gone, including the soil weathering of sand and rocks, activities of algae and bacteria and fungi make soil legumes are the first to appear C from CO2, P from rocks N from bacteria microrhizome relationships
what is secondary succession
soil remains, there are seed banks, roots, grow plants again, opportunistic species grow
what does clement and gleason say about warming the planet
clement, everything will move north as superspecies
gleason, species respond individually, everything will move on their own
what is an ecosystem
the community and the abiotic factors
what are the food webs in ecosystem
green and brown
what do autotrophs and heterotrophs do
autotrophs, make food
heterotrophs, consumers and pass on energy
what is the trophic structure
measures energy flow that is used per organism and how it is passed on
food chains and web
autotroph, consumers, apex predator
what is trophic energy efficiency
10% energy from the previous level
more energy from ectotherms than endotherms, animals than plants, larger than smaller animals
what is the nutrient cycle
C and N turned organic, producers use it to produce starch, consumers eat and pass on, defication and death returns nutrients to the soil, decomposers turn C and N into inorganic form
what is the food web
where each animal will be on average
lower levels = large biomass to support upper levels
direct and indirect effects
what are the effects of feral cats on island
cats hunting rats
what limits primary production
photosynthesis uses water and nutrients, sunlight is limiting in marine
what is liebig’s law of the minimum
production goes by what is least responsible
