Lecture 8 Flashcards
Information systems
The use of technology to manage, store, process and share information.
IT infrastructure ecosystem of an organization
The set of technologies, systems and services that work together to ensure that IT functions properly within an organization.
7 key components:
* Data Management and Storage: Systems that store and manage data.
* Internet Platforms: Technologies that support websites, apps, and online services.
* Computer Hardware: Devices such as servers, laptops, and desktops.
* Operating Systems: Software that powers hardware, such as Windows and macOS.
* Enterprise Software: Software used to manage business processes, such as planning, customer management, and finance tools (e.g., SAP, Salesforce).
* Networking/Telecommunications: Systems that connect devices for communication and data sharing.
* Consultants and Integrators: IT experts who design, implement, and maintain systems.
Core elements of IT in organizations
- Hardware (provides the physical tools to process and store information)
- Software (runs on the hardware, enabling tasks and workflows)
- Databases (store the information needed for the software to function)
- Networks (connect everything, ensuring seamless communication and collaboration)
IPO model
The computer process consists of input > processing > output
Components:
- Central processing unit (CPU)
- Arithmetic-Logic unit
- Control unit
similair to information system
Central processing unit (CPU)
The processor in the computer (like intel core I5). It is the brain of the computer where processes take place.
part of the processor:
- arithmetic-logic unit
- control unit
Arithmetic-logic unit
Part of the processor, it does the core arithmetic in the computer
Performs calculations and logical operations.
Control unit
Makes sure that data can flow from one part of the computer to the other part of the computer.
primary storage (RAM)
- temporary memory that stores data and instructions currently being used by the CPU
- when you turn computer off, all the information is lost
secondary storage
- The hard drive or external USB drive
- Even after turning the computer off, the information is retained
binary
a 2 number system
a byte
- a byte consists of 8 bits
- bits are the smallest unit of data, it is either 1 or 0
- one byte can store a single character like “a”
Layered approach to software
describes how a computer system is built up from different layers, with each layer using the lower layers to perform more complex tasks.
- Hardware are the electronics (performs basic operations).
- Driver software control hardware with machine code or assembly language
- Operating System manages the hardware and software interaction.
- Infrastructure/support software supports applications and processes.
- Applications allow users to perform specific tasks.
Databases
An organized collection of data that is stored and managed in an efficient and structured manner.
Consists of:
- tables with data
- relationships between data
- metadata
Tables
A table is a way of organizing data in rows and columns, making it easy to store, view, and manage information
- Rows: Represent individual records (e.g., one user in a list of users).
- Columns: Each column contains a specific type of information. For example, one column might store names, another stores email addresses, and another stores ages.
Foreign key
A foreign key is a column in a database table that references the primary key of another table. It is used to create a relationship between two tables.
Metadata
Information about data
It describes the details of data, such as when it was created, who created it, or in what format it is. It helps with organizing, searching, and managing data.
Components of a simple network
- PCs: User devices connected to the network and internet through switches.
- Switches: Connect PCs within the local network.
- Server: Manages data and services, connected to the router for external access.
- Router: Connects the internal network to external networks and the internet.
- Internet/Other Networks: External networks accessible through the router.
Client-server model
The Client-Server Model is a system architecture where end-user computers (clients) request data and services from a central computer (server) over a network.
- Clients: = End-user computers (laptop, Chromebook, phone). The ones we see daily.
- Servers = Computer that provides services to other computers (storage, web, database, CRM)
3 types of network models/architecture
- Centralized = One central server provides resources to clients. If it fails, the network stops working ( 1 server, many clients)
- Distributed = Multiple servers share the workload. If one fails, others continue to handle requests ( many servers, many clients)
- Peer-to-peer = No central server; all computers share resources directly with each other. Each device acts as both client and server (no server, many clients)
access devices
used to get access to a network (wifi, wired, 4G/5G, bluetooth)
interconnection devices
help connect multiple computers and other devices within a network or to the internet (router, hub/switch (connects devices within a network))
mesh network
a system of multiple small devices that work together to create one strong and reliable wifi network
internet
A global network of computers and devices that communicate and share information, such as through websites and email.
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
Breaks data into packets and ensures they are sent in the correct order.
