Lecture 8 Flashcards
What is the purpose of the WHO Essential in vitro Diagnostics List (EDL)
Essential Medicines (EML) and enhance its impact by providing essential diagnostics.
What are the two categories of IVDs in the EDL?
General (e.g., clinical chemistry, microbiology) and priority (e.g., HIV, Hep B and C, malaria).
What are the three key strategic priorities of the WHO Thirteenth GPW (2019-2023)?
Universal health coverage, addressing health emergencies, and promoting healthier populations.
What diseases are prioritized in the WHO GPW
HIV, TB, malaria, Hepatitis, HPV, syphilis, communicable diseases, and NCDs.
Where is investment in diagnostic technologies largely concentrated
US and European markets
What are the benefits of investment in diagnostics?
Differentiating between diseases with similar symptoms, identifying latent infectious agents, and providing low-cost monitoring for treatment efficacy and disease recurrence.
: How many people worldwide are affected by HCV, and what percentage are diagnosed?
71 million people are affected, but only 20% are diagnosed.
What is the OraQuick HCV test
anti-HCV antibodies using oral fluid, fingerstick blood, venous blood, plasma, or serum.
What is the predicted annual death toll due to AMR by 2050
10 million deaths each year.
What are the ESKAPE bacteria
Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp
What was a major issue during the Ebola outbreak of 2014-2016?
Lack of preparedness and diagnostic capacity, taking one year to establish diagnostics.
What are the two types of diagnostic tests for Ebola?
Rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) for viral protein detection and PCR for viral genome detection.
What are the two main types of COVID-19 tests
Direct detection of the virus (throat/nose swab) and antibody tests to detect evidence of recent or past infection (blood).
