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BIO 236 Cells And Immunity > Lecture 8: > Flashcards

Lecture 8: Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

T cell development

A

From Bone marrow > migrating from blood > leave thymus by blood stream

  • Thymocytes/T cells go to other organs (from the thymus)
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2
Q

Functions of NK cells

A

Natural killer cells
Kill various infected or transformed cells (pre-cancerous cells e.g. tumour cells)

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3
Q

Types of T cells

A
  1. T helper cells (Th) - these cells help B cells & control isotope switching
  2. T regulatory (suppressor) cells (T REG; Tregs)
  3. Cytotoxic T cells (Tc)
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4
Q

How can we identify T cell subpopualtions?

A

Using monoclonal antibody phenotypic markers

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5
Q

Summary of some monoclonal antibodies and their cell specificity

A
  • E.g. CD2 cells against mouse reacts with T cells, thymocytes, NK cells in mice
  • CD4 reacts with TH1 & TN2 cells and monocytes/macrophages
  • CD8 reacts with TC cells

Therefore, TH cells could be described as CD4+ CD8-

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6
Q

Summary of some monoclonal antibodies and their cell specificity

A
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7
Q

Separation of cells using mabs

A

PANNING (like panning for gold)

  • trying to separate different types of cells using monoclonal antibodies
  • in this example uses immobilised monoclonal antibody CD4
  • TH cells will bind to dish other non-reactive cells will not
  • if want to get TH cells off, increase salt concentration slightly and they will dislodge
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8
Q

Further sub populations of TH cells

A

TH0, TH1, TH2, TH3, TH17

TH0 precursors for TH1 & TH2 etc

TH1 subset generate mainly IL-2 & IFNy & interact with macrophages. They:
- enhance antigen presentation
- enhance Fc receptor expression
…..

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9
Q

Further sub populations of TH cells

A

TH2 cells produce mainly IL-4, IL-5, & IL-10
- they promote IgE production & eosinophil generation

TH3 cells produce mainly IL-4, IL-10 & TGFβ
- they suppress immune response in mucosal areas & may induce immune tolerance

TH17 cells mainly produce IL-17
- amplify innate immune system

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10
Q

….

A
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11
Q

Overall

A
  • TH1 cells are involved in TYPE 1 IMMUNITY mainly against extracellular bacteria & viruses
    -TH2 cells are involved in TYPE 2 IMMUNITY against metazoan parasites
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12
Q

..

A
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13
Q

Allergies idea

A

Out of balance type 1 and type 2 leads to allergy state

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14
Q

Innate lymphoid cells

A
  • group 1 ICLs (NK cells & ILC1s) both are cytotoxic.
  • they produce type 1 cytokines (IFNƳ, TNF)
  • …..
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15
Q

NK cell development

A

Part of innate immune system
………

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16
Q

NK cells - morphology

A

Not able to recognise

17
Q

Innate lymphoid cells

A
  • group 2 ICLs
  • secrete Type 2 cytokines
    ……
18
Q

Innate lymphoid cells

A
  • group 3 ILCs (ILC3s etc)
  • produce IL-17A and/or IL-22
  • ICL3s assist in maintaining microbiota balance in GI tract
    Disbiosis
  • ……
19
Q

Cell types in mammalian immune system: MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES (monocytes/macrophages)

A
20
Q

Cell types in mammalian immune system: MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES (monocytes/macrophages

A

Monoblast & promoncytes in bone marrow > monocyte in blood vessels> Matures into a macrophage in tissues

21
Q

Cell types in mammalian immune system: MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES (monocytes/macrophages

A
22
Q

Monocyte morphology

A
23
Q

Distribution of macrophages

A
  • LUNG - alveolar macrophages
  • in connective tissue histiocytes
  • Osteoclasts in bone (if damage ur bone they remodel bone, ingest the damaged bone by releasing enzymes)
  • kupffer cells in liver sinusoids (purple is nucleus, pink is cytoplasm) (e.g. dead red blood cell they pull them up and recirculate the material from it)
24
Q

Distribution of macrophages

A
  • spleen & lymph nodes - free & fixed macrophages
  • bone marrow - sinusoidal ling cells, macrophages
  • serious cavity - peritoneal macrophage
25
Q

Macrophages

A
  • removal of effete cells (dead cells) in liver / kidney
  • interaction with lymphocytes in antibody formation …
26
Q

SEM of macrophage internalising foreign RBCs

A
27
Q

Macrophage activation

A

Stimulated
- spreads better
- better at killing
….

BIO 236 Cells And Immunity (12 decks)

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