Lecture 8

Question 1

Lippmann (stereotypes_

Answer 1

pixtures in our heads

Question 2

recent definition of stereotypes

Answer 2

cognitive representation of a category of people
- consists of knowledge/assumptions about traits

Question 3

prejudice

Answer 3

affext, negative affective reaction to outgroup

Question 4

(compatible block)Implicit association test

Answer 4

it’s easier to do positive/white (from your ingroup) and negative moroccan (your outgroup)

Question 5

incompatible block (implicit association)

Answer 5

it’s harder to make positive attitudes to morrocan, than to negative words to white people (your in group)

Question 6

who said what? paradigm

Answer 6

participants watch a discussion. if they got asked who said what? participants automatically categorise and made mistakes. so categorisation influences memory

Question 7

intra categorical error

Answer 7

It’s easier to confuse discussant within a gender than between genders

Question 8

intraclass effect

Answer 8

underestmiate differences within categories

Question 9

interclass effect

Answer 9

overestimate differences between categories

Question 10

outgroup homogeneity effect

Answer 10

outgroup is generally seen as more homogenous than the ingroup: effect increases in competition

Question 11

illusory correlation study with groups a and b and a ratio of 9/4q

Answer 11

negative statements were 4 and people found group b more negative because the 4 was more salient.

Question 12

what can we conclude out of a study with 11 popular tv shows and non verbal behaviors of white actors in scenes involving white or black costarts?

Answer 12

white costars received more positive nonverbal behaviour(despite scriptedness of the scene)

Question 13

what can we conclude out of the study with the experiment that whie participants watch scenes involving pro white and pro black non verbal behavior

Answer 13

pro white had a higher iat, than the pro black whites

Question 14

stereotypes can be reinforced by:

Answer 14

• confirmation bias
  2. self-fulfilling prpehy

Question 15

Classic experiment (Tajfel, 1970)
Klee vs. Kandinsky
* No previous experience with the
categorization
* No interaction between participants (inor out-group)
* Categorization is anonymous
* No direct personal gains

Answer 15

*Divide money between two people –Between members of the same ingroup (Klee of Kandinsky): fair, orange
square. –Between members of the ingroup and one of the outgroup (Klee vs.
Kandinsky): more money for ingroup member (ingroup favoritism), red
square. –Second experiment showed that participants often wanted to maximize
the difference between ingroup and outgroup. * Aim for equality /fairness, and social approval/ingroup favoritism

Question 16

Stereotype content model (Fiske)

Answer 16

Two basic dimensions of social perceptions: 1. warmth (cooperation) 2. competence (status)1

Question 17

dissociation model (devine)

Answer 17

• knowledge of cultural stereotype, both present in high and low prejudice people -
  whether person agrees with it (prejudice)

so phase 1: stereotype activation
phase 2 : stereotype application, this ain’t automtic

Question 18

Minimal Group Paradigm

Answer 18

→ Social categorisation on the basis of trivial criterion
→ e.g. “underestimators” vs. “overestimators”
→ No contact within/between groups
→ Group membership is ‘minimal’
→ Distribute money or points between ingroup (underestimator) and outgroup
(overestimator)
→ Participants still favour the ingroup