Lecture 8 Flashcards
Food Security
having a reliable source of food and sufficient resources to purchase it
What four conditions must be fulfilled to ensure food security
availability, access, stability (supply) , and utilization (nutritionally good and culturally appropriate)
Where in the world are we experiencing major population growth? (2)
Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa
What percent increase in food calories will the world need to produce to cover the population increase projected for 2050? AKA the FOOD GAP
69%
World meat consumption is increasing dramatically in
A. Developing Countries
B. Developed Countries
A. Developing Countries
Consumption of Meat and Milk Products in the European Union from 2006 to 2050
+7%
Consumption of Meat and Milk Products in Canada & USA from 2006 to 2050
-2%
Consumption of Meat and Milk Products in Asia from 2006 to 2050
+72%
Consumption of Meat and Milk Products in India from 2006 to 2050
+94%
Consumption of Meat and Milk Products in the World from 2006 to 2050
+23%
In Agroecosystems what forces contribute the transformative processes that turn inputs such as sun, water, soil, fuel, and labor into outputs such as food, fiber, manure, and other products?
Socioeconomic forces, cultural forces, biological forces, and physical forces
What are the four determining elements of an agroecosystem?
Environment ( climate and geography)
Biota (animals and plants adapted to that environment)
People (history, culture, religion)
Economics (trade and law)
Define Pastoralism
Basically moving from place to place - arid to semiarid environments
Shapes the diet people are able to consume -animal derived
Define Agro-pastoralism
some crop agriculture usually at a home site, in addition to extensive grazing of livestock - semi arid environments
Agro pastoralism is a big next step in terms of global production systems - two red stars
You can add poultry to this system!!
Transhumance is a form of _____ in which herders and their animals move seasonally between two specific regions
Pastoralism
Ranching
Semi-arid environments to sub humid zones that favor grasslands, large areas of land required, mainly used for meat production
Cattle ranching is responsible for over ___% of deforestation in Brazil
70%
What is the main source of food in mixed subsistence farming?
crops
Which type of agricultural activity is the most widespread in the world
Mixed Subsistence Farming
What is the main reason for crop production in mixed specialty farming?
to feed the livestock
Mixed specialty farming
sedentary crop and livestock agriculture
Usually occurs when there is a market demand for livestock products and suitable access to infrastructure for more intensive animal husbandry
Mixed specialty farming
What is a CAFO
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
Most of our food in the USA comes from what type of operation
concentrated animal feeding operations
What are the benefits of CAFOs
quality products, and economically viable (cheap)
What could be potential downfalls of CAFOs?
Poor environmental effects, animal welfare concerns, possible diseases
What is the most rapidly growing system of farm animal production?
CAFOs
what percent of growth in the livestock sector comes from CAFOs?
80%
CAFOs now account for what percentage of poultry, egg, and pork production world wide?
72% poultry production
43% egg production
55% pork production
Define aquaculture
cultivation of aquatic plants and animals
fresh water - carp, tilapia, catfish, trout
brackish water -mollusks, crustaceans
Salt water - shellfish, salmon
two systems of aquaculture
intensive, or part of a mixed system
disadvantages of aquaculture
concentrated fish = concentrated waste which changes the pH of the water and therefore the biota that can live there.
Alternative agriculture - Organic farming
avoids synthetic cmpds, and encourages natural raising/growth
cons- limited capacity
Define game ranching
rearing of wild animal species in confinement in a semi-domesticated state for commercial exploitation
Companion and Hobby Animals
Breeding puppies, racing horses, racing greyhounds, pet birds fish reptiles
