Lecture 12

Question 1

What is “perhaps” our most poorly managed natural resource?

Answer 1

water

Question 2

From all the water on earth, what percent is available as fresh accessible liquid water?

Answer 2

1% in rivers and lakes

Question 3

Canada has ___% of the world’s population but ___ % of the worlds liquid freshwater

Answer 3

0.5% , 20%

Question 4

China has ___% of the world’s population but ___% of the freshwater supply

Answer 4

20% 7%

Question 5

What percentage of water withdrawn from surface and groundwater sources is not returned to these sources

Answer 5

70%

Question 6

What is the biggest use of water across the globe?

Answer 6

Irrigation

Question 7

What percent of the world’s food is created by irrigation

Answer 7

40%

Question 8

Consumptive use Does or Does Not return the water to its original source

Answer 8

does not

Question 9

Non-consumptive use does or does not return water to original source

Answer 9

Does!

Question 10

Which production product is the least water efficient

Answer 10

Beef production

Question 11

Which production product is the most water efficient

Answer 11

Soy

Question 12

What is the maintenance daily water requirement of a horse

Answer 12

5L/ 100kgs/day

Question 13

In a thermoneutral environment, most mammalian species need how many mLs per kg

Answer 13

44-66 mL/kg

Question 14

Crypto parvum outbreak mortality was 69 deaths what percent occurred in people with AIDS?

Answer 14

93%

Question 15

What does soil erosion affect

Answer 15

water and air quality and soil productivity

Question 16

NRCs estimates that between 1982 and 2007 soil erosion on US cropland

Answer 16

decreased by 43% - US gaining back ground

Question 17

define soil erosion

Answer 17

breakdown, detachment, transport and redistribution of soil particles by wind, water or gravity

Question 18

The most human induced soil erosion occurs in accordance with

Answer 18

the poorest livestock owners and the highest zoonotic disease burden

Question 19

Worldwide what are the two biggest contributors to soil erosion

Answer 19

overgrazing and deforestation with agricultural activity a close third

Question 20

Drylands occupy nearly ___ of the earth’s area and are home to what fraction of the earth’s population

Answer 20

half , one third

Question 21

define desertification

Answer 21

dryland regions become increasingly arid losing bodies of water, vegetation and wildlife.

Question 22

Histoplasmosis is a _____ fungus

Answer 22

dimorphic

Question 23

What pathogen is commonly found in soil that contains bird and bat feces?

Answer 23

histoplasma capsualtum

Question 24

What is the tx of choice for disseminated histoplasmosis in dogs and cats

Answer 24

itraconazole

Question 25

Soil can also be a reservoir for which pathogen with dormant spores

Answer 25

anthrax - bacillus anthracis

Question 26

Outbreaks of anthrax typically occur when livestock are grazing on

Answer 26

neutral or slightly alkaline soil

Question 27

anthrax spores are known to survive in the soil for how long

Answer 27

100 years or longer

Question 28

tetanus toxemia is caused by a specific neurotoxin produced by

Answer 28

clostridium tetani - in necrotic tissue

Question 29

which species of mammal are more resistant to tetanus infections than other mammals

Answer 29

cats and dogs

Question 30

What are the most sensitive species to tetanus

Answer 30

horses and lambs

Question 31

tetanus symptoms in canine

Answer 31

furrowed brow, ears pulled together, lips drawn up, eyelids drawn

Question 32

tetanus tx

Answer 32

curariform agents, tranquilizers, or barbituate sedatives, 300,000 iu of tetanus antitoxin IV BID, draining and cleaning wound, penicillin or broad spec abx

Question 33

selenium deficiency aka

Answer 33

white muscle dz

Question 34

Black leg causative agent

Answer 34

clostridium chauvei

Question 35

c. chauvei is found where

Answer 35

naturally in intestinal tract of animals, spores remain viable in soil for years,

Question 36

a complex metabolic disturbance characterized by hypomagnesemia

Answer 36

hypomagnesemic tetany

Question 37

Symptoms of hypomagnesemic tetany

Answer 37

hyperexcitability, muscular spasms, convulsions, resp distress, collapse, death

Question 38

what animals are most susceptible to grass tetany?

Answer 38

adult lactating animals - loss of mg in milk

Question 39

grass tetany occurs when

Answer 39

animals are grazed on lush grass pastures

Question 40

What is the jet stream

Answer 40

a narrow band of strong wind in the upper atmosphere that blows from west to east and can shift north or south. most pronounced in the winter

Question 41

define air pollution

Answer 41

gaseous and particulate contaminants that are present in the Earth's atmosphere

Question 42

primary pollutants are emitted

Answer 42

directly into the air

Question 43

We live in the

Answer 43

troposphere

Question 44

worldwide ambient air pollution accounts for

Answer 44

29% of all deaths and dz from lung cancer 17% deaths from acute lower resp infection 24% deaths from stroke 25% deaths from ischemic heart dz 43% deaths from COPD

Question 45

Stronger odors and higher hydrogen sulfide concentrations correlated with

Answer 45

higher blood pressure

Question 46

Which type of animal production workers suffer more respiratory damage than any other workers

Answer 46

poultry

Question 47

Foot and mouth dz transmission

Answer 47

airborne

Question 48

feline asthma tx

Answer 48

corticosteroids to reduce inflammation in the lungs with or without bronchodilators to dilate the airway

Question 49

symptoms of canine allergic bronchitis

Answer 49

chronic dry hacking cough

Question 50

canine allergic bronchitis is most common in

Answer 50

older small breed dogs

Question 51

tx of canine allergic bronchitis often involves the use of

Answer 51

glucocorticoids and bronchodilators