Lecture 72

Question 1

Leshmania and Toxoplasma typically elicit ____ (Th1 or Th2?) immune responses, while Sschitosomes (helminths) elicit _____ responses.

Answer 1

Th1

Th2

Question 2

Dendritic cells secrete IL___ which activates NK cells to produce _____. Naive CD4 T-cells in the presence of IL____ and ______ are committed to differentiate into Th1 cells.

Answer 2

IL-12

IFN-gamma

IL-12 and IFN-gamma

Question 3

Helminths do NOT induce IL-12 secretion by dendritic cells, but they may cause NK cells to secrete IL___, which committs naive T-cells to develop into Th2 cells. Keep in mind this cytokine induces Ig class switching to Ig___. This Ig opsonizes the ____ stage of Helminths, and lead to killing via ADCC.

Answer 3

IL-4

IgE

Larval stage

Question 4

When Th1 cells become hyperactivated, they begin to secrete IL____, which acts as an autoregulation mechanism. Without this autoregulation, the immune response can be too robust and cause tissue damage.

Answer 4

IL-10

Question 5

________ T-cells are the ones involved in liver-stage immunity to Malaria. The sporozoites enter from mosquito bite, antigen is acquired by lymphatic DCs, presented to naive T-cells, which can then travel to the liver to carry out their effector function against infected hepatocytes.

Answer 5

Cytotoxic T-cells

Question 6

In the _______ stage (in the blood) of malaria infection, immune mechanisms including Abs and innate effectors predominate, driven by Th____ T-cells.

Answer 6

Erythrocyte

Th-2 T-cells