Lecture 7 (Videos)-Exam 3 Flashcards
Describe the four forces in the biopsychosocial framework
Biological Forces: Genetic and health related
Psychological forces: Cognitive/perceptual, emotional and personality
* Cognitive: Think (how we think, how we solve problems)
Sociocultural forces: Societal, cultural, ethnic, interpersonal
* Interpersonal reaction to things: Across the cultures
Lifecycle Forces: identical events, different age groups
* Detects who we are in a time period
What is Id?
Id: ruled by the pleasure principle
* Wanting to have fun-> in unconscious part
* Ex: voice to stay in bed
What is ego?
Ego: ruled by the reality principle
* Voice is controlled by this -> tells you to get up out of bed
* In conscious, preconscious and unconscious phase
* If too big: very controlling
What is superego?
Superego: ruled by morals and values
* Place to judge things: actions that we took
* Bad choice or uncertain: Increase anxiety
* Most of it is in unconscious phase
What are the first 4 stages of erikson’s
What are the last 4 stages of erikson’s
Extrapolate Skinner’s concept of positive and negative reinforcement as it relates to patient compliance?
- Positive or negative reinforcement increases the chance that a behavior will repeated
- Punishment decreases the chance that a behavior will be repeated
Understand how a teen may exhibit observational learning or imitation of a negative behavior due to social learning theory
* What is observational learning or imitation?
- People learn by watching others
- Imitation is more likely when the subject of observation is seen as smart, populator or talented
- Imitation is more likely when the subject of observation is rewarded for the behavior
- Example: If teen sees the popular crowd drink and do drugs, then they will be more inclined to do the same to be seen as popular.
Apply Piaget’s stages of development to patient education for different patient age groups
* What are the stages?
- Sensorimotor stages (birth to 2 years)
- Preoperational stage (2-7 years)
- Concrete operational thought (7 years to early adolescence)
- Formal operational thought (adolescence and beyond)
Apply Piaget’s stages of development to patient education for different patient age groups
* What is the sensorimotor stages?
Sensorimotor stages (birth to 2 years)
* The child interacts with the world through sensation and movement
* Develops the ability to hold a mental representation of objects
* Example: When teaching a 1 year about a disease or procedure, you should have objects that represent that issue for them to hold. This could be doll with a J tube in it for the child to hold and play with.
Apply Piaget’s stages of development to patient education for different patient age groups
* What is the preoperational stages?
Preoperational stage (2-7 years)
* Develops the ability to use symbols
* Egocentric: understands the world only from his/her own perspective
* Example: You can read a storybook to explain the medical procedure to the child. This is a good use of symbols.
Apply Piaget’s stages of development to patient education for different patient age groups
* What is Concrete operational thought ?
Concrete operational thought (7 years to early adolescence)
* Can use “here and now” logic and reasoning”
* Cannot accurately consider the hypothetical
* Examples: Since they want to know the therefore
Apply Piaget’s stages of development to patient education for different patient age groups
* What is formal operational thought ?
Formal operational thought (adolescence and beyond)
* Thinks abstractly
* Deals with hypothetical concepts
* Example: Provide the patient with hypothetical patient cases based off their situations to provide them information on all the hypothetical scenarios
What are the components of the ecological approach to human development? (4)
- Microsystem: People and objects in the immediate environment
- Mesosystem: influences of microsystems on each other
- Exosystem: social, environmental and governmental forces
- Macrosystem: Subcultures and cultures in which the other three systems are embedded
What are the four lifespan approaches to human development?
- Multidirectionality: different areas of development grow and decline at the same time
- Plasticity: skills and abilities can be improved or developed throughout the life span
- Historical context: Historical time periods must be considered in examining development
- Multiple causation: biological, psychological, sociocultural, and lifecycle changes must be considered
- Which gene is responsible for or determines “maleness”?
- Which gene is responsible for or determines “femaleness”?
- Male: SRY gene on Y chromosome
- Female: DSS gene on X chromosome
At what gestational age does the sex differentiation occur?
6 weeks
What are the sxs of klinefelter?
Klinefelter (47, XXY, M)
* Tall
* Can have children with medical intervention
* Breast development due to estrogen
* Smaller testes and testosterone affected due to estrogen
What is turner’s syndrome?(4)
Turner’s Syndrome (45, XO, F)
* Webbed neck-> MC physical feature that providers notice
* Short height
* Wide chest
* Undeveloped breast and ovaries
What is androgen insensitivity?
Androgen insensitivity (46, XY, f)
* At the age of puberty = no menstruations
* No maturation of brain
* Male sex organs will be intact
What are the 4 phases of M and J
Excitement
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution
* Refractory period for males-> cannot have excitement into orgasm
Excitement:
* What do both genders experience?
* What are the male sxs?
Both: Increased myotonia; BP and HR
Males:
* Penis become erect
* Testes elevate and engorge
* Scrotal skin thickens and tenses
Excitement
* What are the sxs for females?
- Clitoris swells
- Labia majora separate away from vaginal opening
- Labia minora darken and swell
- Lubrication starts
- Uterus elevates
- Breasts enlarge
Orgasm:
* What happens in both genders?
* What happens in males?
Both: Involuntary muscles spasms; Respiration, BP, HR max levels, rectal sphincter contracts
Males:
* Emission: contractions cause seminal fluid to pool in urethral bulb
* Expulsion: Semen expelled via contraction of muscles at base of penis
Orgasm
* What happens to females?
- Orgasmic platform contracts; 3-15 times
- Clitoris withdraws under hood
- Uterine contractions
What are the sxs of resolution phase for males?
What are the sxs of resolution phase for females?
What are the 5 stages of tanner?
