Lecture 7 the Mind-Body problem Flashcards
hebben we nu al een antwoord op de mind-body problem
nee, nog steeds zijn deze vragen niet beantwoord
wat is het overkoepelende probleem van mind body
elke theorie heeft voor en nadelen.
monism =
there is only one kind of substance
dualism =
there are two kinds of substances
monism splitst in …
materialism & idealism
materialism =
ultimately everything is material
idealism=
ultimately everything is mental
dualism splitst in…
haha instinker
dualism kan alleen substance-dualism zijn
substance-dualism =
mind and body are kinds of distinct entities
descartes had een …. view of the world
mechanistic
wat zei descartes over mind and body
mind and body must be different entities, as the body is a machine but the mind is not
wat dacht descartes over animals
dacht dat zij ook machines waren (alles was machines, except for the mind -> spiritual substance)
3 problemen van descartes
- interaction problem
- causal closure problem
- brain damage problem
interaction problem:
How can a nonmaterial entity cause physical
events?
causal closure problem:
if every physical event has a physical cause, where does the mind enter?
how about the law of conservation of energy?
causal closure betekent dat elke verandering in de fysieke wereld een fysieke oorzaak heeft. dit roept dus de vraag op hoe de een spirituele substance dan ook een invloed hierop uit kan oefenen.
brain damage problem:
why would a nonmaterial entity react to brain damage?
who raised the interaction problem
elisabeth, princess of bohemia
Nowadays, no theory can afford to be
inconsistent with established scientific
theory without answering for it
oke
the teleportation test
suppose that you teleport someone: what would happen? does the mind travel with you, or not?
(hiermee kan je testen of je meer materialistic of dualistic bent)
welke vraag kan je nog meer stellen over mind body problem
where do you think the mind goes when you sleep? does it stay on or off?
telecopying=
instead of moving the particles of the body, you copy them. would that mean that you get two minds, or not?
materialism kenmerken
- The materialist maintains that, in the end, there is only matter
- The concept of “matter” is however quite flexible (so fields, states, processes, functions, etc. all count as “material”)
- Most important is that the mind, whatever it may be, is a part of physical world and obeys the laws of nature
- This still leaves many possibilities for exactly what the mind is
hoe staan we er nu een beetje in
- Thinking about mind and body as separate entities seems easy
- However, as soon as we ask the question “how would that work?” it turns out we don’t really have a good answer
- The inability to provide a reasonable theory of mind-body interaction has led to demise of dualism in scientific circles
(dus bijna niemand is meer een dualist)
wat is kritiek op materialism
without a spiritual mind, its hard to explain how and why we have conscious mental states.
3 lastige knelpunten:
- mental states, or not?
- reductionism, or not?
- subjective experience, or not?
mental states =
a state of mind of a person, that explains behaviour (wanting ice cream + knowing where to buy ice cream = buying ice cream)
=belief-desire psychology
example of mental states model
the theory of planned behaviour:
attitute + subjective norm + perceived behavioural control —–> intention —-> behaviour
wat is het probleem van mental states bij materialism
how can mental states receive a respectable place in the scientific explanation of behaviour? if the mind does not exist as a distinct substance, then how can mental states exist at all? or is it all an illusion, and should we eliminate mental states (beetje behaviourism)
eliminative materialism=
deny the existence of mental states. mental states are not real and will not appear in the ultimate description of the universe.
wat zegt eliminative materialism over folk psychology
folk psychology is just like naive physics, with scientific progress it will disappear
welk koppel hoort bij eliminative materialism
paul and patricia churchland
Interviewer: Are there any implications
of neuroscience that you feel unsettled
by?
Patricia Churchland: I’d have to say no.
It takes some getting used to, but I’m
not freaked out by it. I certainly
understand the ambivalence people
have. On one hand, they’re fascinated
because it helps explain their mother’s
Alzheimer’s, but on the other, they
think, “Gosh, the love that I feel for my
child is really just neural chemistry?”
Well, actually, yes, it is. But that doesn’t
bother me
oke