Chapter 8 Flashcards
wat was de status voor world war II voor psychologen
psychiatrists hadden psychoanalyse als medical treatment, en dus mocht alleen met een medisch degree. psychologen hadden voor administratie van testen
wat was het eerste psychological center
Lightner Witmer in 1896, aimed at helping behavioural and learning problems in children
the growth in these clinics was slow, and up to ww2 they were limited to dealing with school children, due to…
the lack of support from the academic psychologists:
1. because departments were dominated by experimental psychologists who wanted to promote the disciplines scientific basis
2. the academics did not want to upset their medical colleagues whom they needed for the expansion of their departments.
wat was er na ww2
an urgent need for psychological advice and treatment.
-> shellshock (=oorlogsneurose)
shellshock gave rise to…
- a need for increased psychological testing to predict who would be prone to shellshock
- increased pressure to treat personell who suffered from shellshock (veel mensen werden getrained, and clinical psychologists were taken on board for testing and treatment)
the demand for counselling provided a rich environment for new developments
oke
carl rogers
in 1942: proposed client-centered therapy
- unconditional positive regard
- empathic understanding
- congruence, realness
(dus niet: knowledge of physical diseases)
antipsychiatry after WW2
- more and more unease with the way patients were treated by psychiatrists in alysums
- input from scientific research into psychotherapy
- psychiatrists turned to medicines for the treatment of mental disorders
-> betere status voor psychologen
wat vonden mensen tijdens die antipsychiatry movement
psychiatry = ineffective, dangerous, demeaning
vooral over lobotomy, electric shocks, treatments etc.
wanneer was de antipsychiatry movement
60s/70s
On being Sane in Insane Places
Thomas Szasz
- had to be more respect to the rights and dignity of the patients
- hospitalization: as short as possible, geared towards reintegration
- prevent hospitalization, treat ppl with mental problems outside of these clinics
(klinisch psychologen hadden hier een grote rol in want waren vaak ambassadeurs hiervoor)
wat was nog een reden dat klinisch psychologen meer naar psychotherapie gingen
resistance for treatment from non-medical practitioners, alleen psychiaters mogen medical toeschrijven.
the first psychoactive drugs…
were discovered by chance
psychoactive drugs radically changed the treatment of mental disorders:
- contribution to non-residential therapies
- lowering the threshold for treatment of mental health disorders
redenen voor meer populariteit klinische psychologie:
- antipsychiatry
- input from science
- availability of medicines for mental disorders
- social management and individualisation
- increased knowledge about psychology in the population