Lecture 7: prevention and addiction Flashcards
Define drugs
Substances that alter the natural functioning of the nervous system and are used for that reason
What types of drugs are there?
Uppers (stimulating)
Downers (calming)
Trippers (altering perception)
What are different impacts of drugs?
Acute toxicity
Chronic toxicity
Addidion
Social harm (individual level)
Social harm (population level)
What are the most commonly used drugs in NL?
- Alcohol
- Cannabis
- Ecstacy
- Cocaine
- Nitious oxide (lachgas)
What are the short and long term risks of alcohol use?
Short term:
- Lowered inhibition
- Hangover
- Memory loss
- etc.
Long term:
- Weight gain
- Cancer
- Heart disease
- Addiction
How is addiction diagnosed?
Using the DSM-5
Since 2013:
- severity scale (mild, moderate, severe)
- ‘Problems with law’ replaced by ‘craving’
- Behavioral addictions included
- Brain reward system as central component to initiation and maintenance
What are the three theories on the development of addiction?
Bioligical theories
- Genetic factors
- Reactivity
Cognitive and behavioral theories
- Modelling
- Coping with stress
- Implusiveness, sensation-seeking, antisocial behavior
Sociocultural theories
- More addiction in people with more stress
- Dependent on culture
- Differences between men and women
What are risk and protective factors for alcohol addiction? (Solmi et al., 2021)
Risk factors:
- Parental alcohol supply
- Impulsivity-related personality traits
Protective factors:
- Restrictive parental approach
- Education
What are possible treatments for addiction?
Detox (heavy users)
Biological treatment
- Medication
- Methadone
- Heroin (recipe)
Psychological treatment
- Exposure and response prevention
- Cognitive threapy/ CBT
- System therapy
- Relapse prevention
Sociocultural
- AA
- 12-step program
What is needed to reduce substance use?
What are possible preventive strategies? 5 items
- Increase knowledge on drugs
- Influence attitude
- Impede drug use
- Postpone first use
- Harm reduction
What is the national prevention agreement?
An agreement by the Minestry of Health, Welfare and Sports and >70 societal partners to: reduce smoking, excessive weight and problematic alcohol use in 2040
What are two examples of school based programs?
‘Healthy school and drugs’ (old)
‘Helder op school’ (currently used)
What is the ‘Healthy school and drug’ program?
What is it about and what are the 4 parts?
A prevention program about:
- Alcohol
- Smoking
- Drugs
Consists of 4 parts:
1. Education
2. Involvement of parent
3. Detection of problematic use and offering guidance
4. Rules and consequences
How effective was the ‘Healthy school and drugs’ program?
It had some effects on alcohol, but less on cannabis and smoking
What were effective components of the Healthy school and drugs program?
6 items
- Interactive methods
- Social influence principles
- Serial approach (not everything at once)
- Peer-led programs
- Parent involvement
- CBT methods
What is the ‘Helder op school’ program?
A school based prevention program focused on 4 components:
- Policy
- Education
- Signaling
- School environment
Involves support from health professional
What are key aspects of community interventions? and are they effective?
- Usually a combination of different interventions
- In a specific area/ area’s
- Involvement of community members
Positive effects on alcohol (use, violence, firstaid, driving), but there is hardly any evidece on other drugs
Provide some examples of mass media campaigns
4 items
- 100% bob, 0% op
- Rookvrije generatie (billboards, tv commercials, paving stones, radio commercials)
- NIX18 (no smoking, no alcohol <18)
- Pictures on sigaret packs
What are components of internet/ digital interventions?
3 items
- Peer normative feedback (PNF)
- Motivational interviewing (MI)
- Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
And combinations
Are internet based/ digital interventions effective for addiction?
Meta-analyses showed that they are effective for:
- Alcohol use in adults
- Cannabis
- Illicit drugs (illegal drugs)
They were also found to be effective for comorbidity (e.g. alcohol and depression)
Prevention in addiction - what works?
4 items
- Small effects for interactive programs
- Tailored to target population (taking age into account)
- Not only providing information, but also skills
- A combination of family focused and community interventions
What is Boozebuster?
A preventive mobile intervention to boost responsible drinking behavior in young adults
“Helping young adults to develop healthier drinking habits and simultaniously improve their mood and sleep”
Why was Boozebuster developed?
The prevalence of young adult problem drinkers and young adult binge drinkers is very high, which has a significant impact on their mental, social and physical health
AND there was a lack of tailored mobile interventions aimed at preventing problem drinking
What is an important part in the Boozebuster app development?
Co-creation: Target group was included in the development
- Better adherence
- Tailored to the needs of the end-users
- Appealing to the end-users
