Lecture 7: Lung/LI Patterns & Food Therapy Flashcards
Lung Qi Xu Etiology
Lifestyle factors:
- Emotions – sadness, grief
- Excessive use of voice
- Hereditary
- Stooping over desk
- Prolonged cough and dyspnea —> impairment of lung qi
- Deficiency of SP & ST —> insufficient production of qi and blood
- Failure of dispersing and descending of Lung Qi
- Hypofunction of respiration
- Ineffective protection against EPF’s
- Hypofunction of whole body
2-6 —> Deficiency of Lung Qi —> Insufficient Pectoral Qi —> 3, 4, 5, 6
Chronic Lung problems may be hereditary, especially if a parent had Lung tuberculosis. There may be transverse cracks in Lung area and the Lung’s pulse position may be more medial than normal.
Exterior Wind Cold or Wind Heat may remain in the body and eventually cause Lung Qi Deficiency. There is often a chronic cough following an exterior Wind Cold or Wind Heat invasion. This situation can be worsened when taking antibiotics for cold or flu, as they contain the Cold in the chest and interfere with Lung’s dispersing & descending functions.
LU Qi Deficiency Dietary Therapy
Thermal nature: neutral, warming, sometimes hot
Cooking method: warming
Flavour: neutral to warm-sweet; neutral to warm-pungent; neutral to warm-salty; occasionally also hot
Bitter drains damp and heat but is also a qi tonic so ok in moderation.
LU Qi Xu Food Suggestions
Animal products: Goose, Herring, Shark, Tuna
Grains: Oats, Rice, Sweet rice,
Roots: Potato, Sweet Potato, Yam
Vegetables: Carrots, Cauliflower, Corn, Mushroom (cordyceps), Mustard greens
Spices: fresh ginger, garlic, licorice
Fruit: Grapefruit peel, ea (jasmine green)
Nuts: Walnut
Sweeteners: Molasses, Rice syrup
A substantial warming breakfast (porridge), and at least one or two warm meals daily (soups/stews) are beneficial.
LU Qi Xu Dietary Avoidances
Temperature: Cool, Cold
Cooking Method: Cooling
Flavours: Excess Sweet, Excess Bitter, Excess Sour
Lu Qi Food Avoidances (General and Specific)
Avoid excessive intake of thermally cold food, raw foods, too much dairy, too many tropical fruits, frozen foods, denaturalized foods, canned foods, or ice-cold beverages.
Bitter Melon, Brown sugar, Butter, Cereal Grass, Chard, Cheese, Clam, Coffee, Citrus, Milk, Crab, Grapefruit, Kiwi, Mung bean, Nori, Octopus, Salt, Seaweed, Spinach, Water Chestnut, Watermelon
LU Qi Xu POT
2 Foods for Exam?
POT: Reinforce Lung Qi
Oats:
- Neutral-Warm; Sweet; sl. bitter
- Strengthens Qi
- Strengthens immune system
Herring:
- Neutral; Sweet
- Strengthens Lung Qi
- Strengthens SP Qi
LU Yin Deficiency Etiology
Lifestyle Factors:
- Smoking
- Excessive use of voice
- Emotions (grief)
- Prolonged cough or asthma
- Febrile disease in its later period
- Prolonged Lung Qi Xu
- Stomach Yin Xu (irregular eating habits or diet)
- Kidney Yin Xu (overwork
- Lung Dryness
1-6 —> Impairment of Lung Yin —> Deficient Fire
LU Yin Xu Dietary Therapy
Thermal nature: neutral, cool
Cooking method: cooling
Flavour: neutral to cool-sweet, neutral to cool-sour, neutral to cool-salty
LU Yin Xu Food Suggestions
Grains: Amaranth, Barley, Buckwheat, Wheat, Wild Rice
Dairy: Butter, Cheese (maybe not Goat), Milk, Yogurt
Vegetables: Avocado, Cauliflower, Chard, Daikon Radish, Asparagus, Kohlrabi, Tomato, Watercress
Fruit: Apple, Banana, Papaya, Pear, Strawberry (Apricot, Fig, Peach - differing opinions, slightly warming but definitely moistening)
Seafood: Herring, Clam, Oyster,
Legumes: Kidney bean, Mung bean, Peas, Soybean
Animal Products: Eggs, Goose, Pork, Rabbit
Nuts: Almond, Brazil nut, Cashew, Flaxseed, Pistachio
LU Yin Xu Food Avoidances
Temperature: Warm to Hot
Cooking Methods: Warming (eg. frying, barbecuing)
Flavours: Warm-Hot Pungent, Warm-Hot Bitter, Excess salt
Food Examples: Alcohol, Black tea, Coffee, Cayenne, Cinnamon, Cloves, Garlic, Chili Pepper, Leek, Lamb
LU Yin Xu POT
+
2 Foods for Exam
POT:
- Nourish Lung Yin
- Nourish body fluids
- Clear empty heat
Cauliflower:
- Cool-Neutral
- Earth/Sweet
- Nourishes Lung Yin
Pear:
- Cool
- Earth/Sweet
- Moisturizes lungs
- Cools heat
Invasion of LU by W-C Etiology
Environmental Wind and Cold can enter the body (to superficial or deep levels) depending on the strength of body’s Wei Qi in relation to a pathogen.
Artificial sources of Wind Cold, such as air conditioning can also cause Wind Cold.
EPF Pathogenic wind-coldness —> Body surface —> Lung —> Defensive mechanism damaged —> Lung qi fails to disperse
Invasion of LU by W-C Dietary Therapy and Avoidances
Thermal nature: Warming
Cooking: Warming
Flavour: Warm-Pungent, Warm-Sweet (sweet more for internal cold, so pungent more important here to drive EPF to surface)
Avoid:
Thermal: Cool, cold
Cooking: Cooling
Flavour: Sour (contracts), Excess Sweet, Bitter (pulls pathogen deeper)
Invasion of LU by W-C Food Suggestions
Animal Products: Beef, Chicken, Turkey, Venison
Seafood: Cod, Eel, Lobster, Mussel, Trout, Tuna
Spices: Chili Pepper, Fenugreek seed, Horseradish, Pepper, Rosemary, Thyme, Garlic, Cinnamon, Ginger
Vegetables: Kale, Parsnip, Pumpkin,**Turnip
Leek, Onion, Spring Onion
Fruit: Apricot, Peach, Fig, Papaya
Nuts: Almond, Peanut, Walnut
Invasion of LU by W-C Food Avoidances
Banana, Bitter Melon, Dairy, Dandelion, Kiwi, Peppermint, Refined sugar, Squid, Watermelon
Invasion of LU by W-C POT
2 Foods for Exam
POT:
- Relese exterior
- Expel wind-cold
- Stimulate Lung qi and yang
Horseradish:
- Warm
- Metal/Pungent
- Expels wind-cold
- Strengthens lung qi and yang
Garlic:
- Hot
- Metal/Pungent
- Releases exterior, promotes sweating
- Dispels cold
Invasion of LU by W-H Etiology
Exterior pathogenic Wind combines with Heat and invades Lung Exterior portion (Lung Defensive Qi portion)
Exposure to Wind may turn to Wind Heat in a person with a tendency toward Heat.
Wind Heat may be caused by virus or bacteria contracted through the nose and mouth.
Can also be caused by pathogenic wind-cold invading and later turning into wind-heat.
Invasion of LU by W-H Dietary Therapy and Avoidances
Thermal nature: Neutral, Cool
Cooking method: Cooling
Flavour: Cool-pungent
Avoid:
Thermal nature: Warm, Hot, Cold
Cooking method: Warming
Flavour: Sour (contracts), Excess Sweet (feeds pathogen), Bitter (Pulls pathogen deeper)
Invasion of LU by W-H Food Suggestions
Majority of diet should be in the form of soups and congees of millet, barley or rice. Most useful other foods are watercress and white fungus.
Spices: Borage, Licorice, Marjoram, Peppermint
Grains: Amaranth, Barley, Buckwheat, Wheat, Wild Rice
Vegetables: Avocado, Bamboo shoot, Bok Choy, Cauliflower, Chard, Daikon Radish, Kohlrabi, Water Chestnut, Watercress, Turnip, Asparagus, Cucumber
Fruit: Apple, Banana, Grapefruit, Lemon, Papaya, Pear, Persimmon, Strawberry
Seafood: Herring, Clam, Oyster, Seaweed
Animal Products: Goose, Pork, Rabbit
Nuts: Almond, Brazil nut, Cashew, Coconut, Pistachio
Invasion of LU by W-H Food Avoidances
Alcohol, Allspice, Anise, Beef, Chicken, Chili, Chocolate, Cinnamon, Coffee, Curry, Dairy, Garlic, Plum, Mustard, Onion family, Pepper, Refined sugar, Warming fish (trout, anchovy)
Invasion of Lung by W-H POT
2 Foods for Exam
POT:
- Release exterior
- Clear heat from lung
- Stimulate Lung descending and dispersing
Daikon Radish
- Cool
- Pungent; Sweet
- Loosens phlegm in lungs
- Moistens lung
- Clears heat
Peppermint:
- Cool
- Metal/Pungent; Earth/Sweet
- Expels mucus
- Nourishes lungs
- Clears heat from lung
- Downbears heat
Damp-Phlegm in LU Etiology
This is an Excess Exterior Cold Syndrome. Usually arises from chronic deficiency of Spleen Qi or Spleen Yang
Frequent or reoccurring invasions of exterior pathogenic factors will weaken the Lungs (and SP) —> Lung Qi fails to distribute fluids over body —>formation of Phlegm —> Phlegm ultimately settles in Lungs
Excessive consumption of greasy, cold, dairy or raw foods —> damage Spleen —> Spleen fails to transport and transform water —> leads to the formation of Phlegm —> Phlegm settles in Lungs
Dietary Therapy for Damp-Phlegm
Temperature/Flavour: neutral-warm bitter, neutral-warm pungent
_Bitter-warm food_s: basil, parsnips, brussel sprouts,
Pungent-warm: cinnamon, ginger, horseradish, chives, garlic, kohlrabi, white pepper
Other foods that dry damp: Aduki bean, Mackerel, Raw honey
Damp-Phlegm Obstructing Lung POT
2 Foods for Exam
POT
- Resolve phlegm
- Move qi; Restore Lung descending function
- Expel cold
Thyme:
- Warm/Hot
- Pungent, Bitter
- Transforms phlegm
- Strengthens LU and SP
Fenugreek Seed:
- Warm/Hot
- Pungent, Bitter, Sweet
- Loosens phlgem
- Targets LU, LI
Garlic:
- Warm/Hot
- Pungent; Sweet
- Moves qi (assist lung descending)
- Resolve phlegm
Ginger:
- Warm/Hot
- Pungent; Sweet
- Moves qi
- Loosens phlegm-cold
Phlegm Heat in LU Etiology
This is an Excess Hot Interior condition. Lung Phlegm Heat is often chronic. The pattern is similar to Damp-Phlegm, but with the added component of Heat.
- Exterior Wind Heat (or Wind Cold) can weaken Lung Qi and leaves pathogenic Heat and Phlegm, which eventually become chronic.
- Overconsumption of greasy and hot foods; Irregular eating
- Smoking
Dietary Therapy for Phlegm Heat
Temperature/Flavour: bitter-cool, salty-cool, sometimes pungent-cool and sweet-cool
Bitter-cool: amaranth, asparagus, broccoli, celery, cereal grass, dandelion, lettuce, nettle, wild rice
Salty-cool: oysters, carp, seaweed, millet
Sweet-cool: pear (Asian pears) best for phlegm in the lungs, mung bean, mushroom, soy milk, tangerine
Pungent-cool: daikon radish, green tea, peppermint, watercress
Phlegm-Heat in Lungs POT
2 Foods for Exam
POT:
- Resolve phlegm (dry damp)
- Clear heat
- Move qi; Stimulate lung descending function
Pear:
- Cool
- Sweet; Sl. Sour
- Clears heat
- Resolves phlegm
- Moisturizes lung
Amaranth:
- Neutral/Cool
- Sweet; Bitter
- Dries dampness
- Benefits lungs (descending and dispersing)
- Transforms mucus
Chard:
- Cool
- Sweet; Bitter
- Cools Lung heat
- Dries dampness
Lung Dryness Etiology
Lung Dryness is characterized by signs of Dryness with deficient fluids, but it is not yet of Yin Deficiency. It could be considered less severe and a precursor to Lung Yin Deficiency. If it is an Invasion it will have exterior syndrome sn/sx such as superficial pulse, fever and chills at same time.
Lung Dryness can be either Exterior or Interior. Exterior Dryness damages Lung fluids, such as in long periods of dry and hot weather. Internal Dryness can occur from Stomach Yin Deficiency (i.e. - from irregular eating times, irregular diet, etc.).
- Invasion by dryness
- Infection by febrile diseases
- Irregular diet –> ST Yin Xu
- Organ malfunction
1-4 —> Consumption of body fluids —> Dryness of Lung
Lung Dryness Diet Therapy
Thermal nature: Neutral, Warm, Cool
Cooking method: Cooling
Flavours: Neutral-cool sweet, neutral-cool salty, some warming, some sour is ok
Lung Dryness Food Suggestions
Animal products: Clam, Crab, Dairy, Duck, Duck Egg, Goose, Herring, Oyster, Mussel, Pork
Fruit: Apple, Apricot, Banana, Fig, Melon, Mulberry, Orange, Papaya, Peach, Pear, Strawberry
Grains: Barley, Millet, Oats
Nuts: Almond, Cashew, Peanut oil, Pine nut, Sesame seed
Vegetables: Asparagus, Avocado, Bamboo shoot, Cucumber, Russian olive, Seaweed, Spinach, Watercress
Legumes: Black bean, Mung bean, Soybean products (tofu, tempeh)
Sweeteners: Honey (cooked), barley malt, rice syrup
Other: black and white fungus
(Note: using a little salt in cooking also moistens dryness).
Lung Dryness Food Avoidances
Thermal nature: Hot
Cooking: Warming
Flavour: warm-hot pungent, warm-hot sour, bitter
Food examples: Cayenne, Coffee, Grapefruit peel, Leek, Onion, Red chili, Scallion
LU Dryness POT
2 Foods for Exam
POT:
- Moisten lungs
- Nourish body fluids
Cashew:
- Cool
- Sweet
- Nourishes Lung
- Moistens Lung (and LI)
Avocado:
- Cool/cold
- Sweet
- Nourishes Lung Yin (also LV and LI)
- Moistens lung and LI
- (Builds blood and yin)
Peach:
- Neutral/warm/cool depending on source
- Sweet/Sour
- Nourishes body fluids
- Builds blood
- Moistens lung and LI
Damp Heat in LI Etiology
- Invasion of damp-heat
- Improper diet forming damp heat
- Emotional problems aggravating internal heat
1-3 —> Invasion of damp heat into LI leading to dysfunction of its transportation
Too much hot and greasy food, alcohol, plus emotional problems
Example: worry and anxiety over long period. All cause interior Heat.
May accompany other patterns involving Interior Heat such as Liver Qi Stagnation with Liver Fire.
Damp-Heat in LI Diet Therapy
Thermal nature: Cool
Cooking: Cooling
Flavour: Cool-Bitter, Cool-Sour, Cool-Pungent sometimes cool-sweet, cool-salty
Avoid:
Thermal nature: Hot
Cooking: Warming
Flavour: Excess sweet, Hot pungent
Damp Heat in LI Food Suggestions
Animal products: Frog
Legumes: Mung bean
Vegetables: Alfalfa sprouts, Brake (Fern), Cabbage, Celery, Cucumber, Eggplant, Lettuce, Seaweed, Spinach, Squash
Raw Honey
Avoidances:
Alcohol, Brown sugar, Cayenne, Chili, Dill, Ginger, Guava, Lamb, Mustard, Sugar
Damp Heat in LI POT
2 Foods for Exam
POT:
- Clear heat
- Resolve dampness
- Stop diarrhea
Lettuce:
- Cool/Cold
- Sweet; Bitter
- Dries dampness
- Clears heat in LI and ST
Persimmon (Kaki)
- Cold
- Earth/Sweet
- Cools heat
- Astringent (holds juices) - help with drying damp and stopping diarrhea
- Targets LI
LI Dryness Etiology
This pattern usually accompanies other patterns:
Example: Yin or Blood Deficiency. Yin Deficiency produces a red or red and peeled Tongue, whereas Blood Deficiency produces a Tongue that is pale.
Most common is to see it with ST Yin Xu.
This pattern is most common in older people and in women after childbirth.
- Deficiency of Yin-Blood in older people
- EPF Invasion, heat consume fluid. Consumption of yin fluid in febrile diseases or prolonged diseases
- Excessive bleeding after delivery (postpartum hemorrhage)
- Take laxative, constipation later
- Diet not enough fiber
1-4—> Deficiency of fluids in LI —> fail to moisten intestines
LI Dryness Dietary Therapy
Thermal Nature: Neutral, Warm, Cool
Cooking: Cooling
Flavours: Neutral-Cool Sweet, Neutral-Cool Salty
Avoid:
Thermal nature: Hot
Cooking: Warming
Flavours: Warm-hot pungent, Warm-hot sour, Bitter
LI Dryness Food Suggestions
Animal products: Clam, Crab, Dairy, Duck, Duck Egg, Goose, Herring, Oyster, Mussel, Pork
Fruit: Apple, Apricot, Banana, Fig, Melon, Mulberry, Orange, Papaya, Peach, Pear, Strawberry
Grains: Barley, Millet, Oats
Nuts: Almond, Cashew, Peanut oil, Pine nut, Sesame seed
Vegetables: Asparagus, Avocado, Bamboo shoot, Cucumber, Russian olive, Seaweed, Spinach, Watercress
Legumes: Black bean, Mung bean, Soybean products (tofu, tempeh)
Sweeteners: Honey (cooked), barley malt, rice syrup
Other: black and white fungus
(Note: using a little salt in cooking also moistens dryness).
LI Dryness Food Avoidances
Food examples: Alcohol, Cayenne, Coffee, Garlic, Grapefruit peel, Leek, Onion, Red chili, Scallion
LI Dryness POT
2 Foods for Exam
POT:
- Moisten intestines to relieve constipation
Avocado:
- Cool-Cold
- Earth/Sweet
- Feeds colon yin
- Builds blood and yin
- Lubricates LI
Banana:
- Cold
- Earth/Sweet
- Moistens LI and Stomach
(Tofu)
Liver Qi Stagnation leading to Qi Stagnation in Large Intestine Etiology
- Emotional disharmony, especially repressed anger, resentment, frustration, over a long time impairs circulation of Liver Qi.
- Invasion of pathogenic factors
- Physical level – aggravated by lack of movement
- Irregular dietary habits, especially difficult emotions during eating, eating while standing, eating in a hurry
1-4 –> Qi Stagnation in Large Intestine
Nutrition Suggestions:
LI Qi Stagnation Dietary Therapy
Temperature:This will depend on whether deficiency, cold, or heat is bound up with stagnation. If not then we can choose a balance of temperatures or tend toward warming
Cooking method: Avoid cooking and eat fresh raw vegetables and sprouts when possible. When cooking use a balance of cooling (eg. pickling in brine) to warming (eg. grilling)
Flavour: Neutral/Warm Pungent, Neutral/Warm Bitter,
LI Qi Stagnation Food Suggestions
Sprouted Raw Foods (grains, beans, seeds)
Grains: Barley, Sweet Rice,
Vegetables: Brassica genus, Broccoli, Beets, Celery, Cereal Grasses, Chive, Cress, Kohlrabi, Leek, Micro-algae, Radish
Spices: Basil, Clove, Fennel, Paprika, Turmeric
* Apple Cider Vinegar
**Pine Nut Kernel Congee
LI Qi Stagnation Avoidances
Temperature: Cold
Cooking Method: Excess Cooling, Extreme warming (eg. deep-frying, barbecuing)
Flavour: Excess Sweet, Excess Salty, Extreme Pungent
Food Examples: Alcohol, Banana, Cayenne, Cheese, Chili Pepper, Crab, Milk, Sugar
LI Qi Stagnation POT
2 Foods for Exam
POT:
- Move qi
- Resolve stagnation
Barley:
- Cool
- Earth/Sweet; Water/Salty
- Eliminates digestive blockages
- Mild laxative
- Targets LI
Kohlrabi:
- Neutral
- Earth/Sweet; Metal/Pungent
- Moves qi
- Moves blood
- Targets LI
LI Cold (empty pattern)
- Prolong diarrhea or dysentery —> insufficiency of SP and KI Yang
- Anything that causes SP Yang Xu
This pattern is a subcategory of SP Yang Xu, only difference is that there in LI Cold you see borborygmus and stool will look like duck droppings
- too much cold and raw food
- chronic exposure of abdomen to cold
LI Cold Dietary Therapy
Thermal nature: Warm
Cooking method: Warming eg. long simmering in liquid
Flavours: Warm-Sweet, Warm-Pungent
Avoid:
Flavours: Sour, Bitter, Cool-cold sweet, cool-cold pungent
LI Cold (empty pattern) POT
2 Foods for Exam
POT:
- Warm Yang to arrest discharge
- Tonify and warm LI and SP
Note: There is no xie qi left in this pattern so tonifying warming is appropriate. Do not tonify in early stages of diarrhea.
Spring Onion:
- Warm
- Pungent
- Warms the Spleen
- Warms the Kidney
- Regulates Qi
- Enters/targets LI
Anise:
- Warm
- Sweet; Pungent
- Promotes digestion
- Warms the middle jiao
- Warms the Large Intestine
LU Qi Xu Lifestyle and Herbs
- Jade Windscreen (Astragalus)
- Ginseng
- Ren Shen Bu Fei Tang Ginseng Tonifying Lung Decoction
LU Yin Xu Lifestyle and Herbs
- Bai He Gu Jin Tang - Lily Bulb Decoction to Preserve the Metal
- Yang Yin Qing Fei Tang - Nourising Yin and Clearing Lung Decoction
Invasion of LU by W-C Lifestyle and Herbs
- Ma Huang Tang - Ephedra Decoction
- Jade Windscreen
Invasion of LU by W-H Lifestyle and Herbs
- Yin Qiao San - Forsythia-Lonicera Powder
- Majority of diet should be in the form of soups and congees of millet, barley or rice.
- Sang Ju Yin (Mulberry Leaf and Chrysanthemum Decoction)
Damp-Phlegm Obstructing Lung Lifestyle and Herbs
- Er Chen Tang - Two Old Decoction
- Xiao Qin Long Tang (Minor Blue-Green Dragon Concoction
- Avoid cold and raw food
- Avoid greasy, oily food
- Avoid alcohol
Phlegm-Heat Obstructing Lungs Lifestyle and Herbs
- Qing Qi Hua Tan Tang - Clearing Qi and Resolving Phlegm Decoction
- Ma Xin Shi Gan Tang (Ephedra, Apricot Kernel, Gypsum and Licorice Decoction)
- Avoid hot, greasy, oily food
- Avoid warming cooking methods, barbecue and deep fry
- Avoid alcohol
Lung Dryness Lifestyle and Herbs
- Herb: Qing Zao Jiu Fei Tang Eliminate Dryness and Rescue the Lung
*
LI Damp Heat Lifestyle and Herbs
- Bai Tou Wen Tang (Decoction of Pulsatillae)
LI Dryness Lifestyle and Herbs
- Zeng Ye Cheng Qi Tang (Increase the Fluids and Order the Qi Decoction)
LI Qi Stagnation Lifestyle and Herbs
- Get regular excercise
- Establish regular bowel habits
- Regular eating habits
*
LI Cold (empty pattern) Lifestyle and Herbs
Zhen Ren Yan Zang Tang (True Man’s Formula to Nourish the Organs)
Astringent herbal to consolidate. Poppy.
LI Heat
POT
2 Foods Exam
POT:
- Clear heat from LI
Avocado:
- Cool/Cold
- Sweet
- Cools LI
- Nourishes LI and LU yin
- Lubricates LI and LU
Banana:
- Cold
- Sweet
- Cools heat
- Moistens LI
LI Heat Etiology
Too much hot foods (alcohol, lamb, beef) and dry foods (baked or broiled meats)
Collapse of LI Etiology
- SP Qi Sinking always a precursor
- Too much physical work
- Will see hemorrhoids and prolapsed anus
Collapse of LI
POT
2 Foods Exam
POT:
- Nourish LI Qi
- Raise qi
- Strengthen SP Qi
Guava:
- Warm
- Wood/Sour; Earth/Sweet
- Secures and astringes to help raise SP Qi
- Tonifies SP and LI Qi
- Enters LU/LI and SP/ST channels
(Info from Nutritional Strategies app. Also lists Lime and Pork Large Intestine for prolapse)
Parsnip:
- Warm
- Bitter, Sweet, Pungent
- Balances and strengthens Large Intestine Qi
- Warms LI
- Also strengthens SP/ST
- Regulates qi
