Lecture 7 - Lower Airways in BIRDS Flashcards
describe the cartilaginous support of the trachea
complete, overlapping rings
palpable on the right side of the neck
where does the trachea bifurcate?
dorsal to the base of the heart
what is the function of the syrinx?
vocal organ of bird
where is the syrinx located?
bifurcation of the trachea
what are tympanic membranes?
produce sound by vibration
how are the bronchial openings separated?
by the pessulus - a cartilaginous wedge
how many parabronchi arise from the secondary bronchi?
around 400-500 parabronchi
anastomose with each other
what is the layout of the air capillaries?
form loops from walls of parabronchi
through the lung tissue back to parabronchi
where gas exchange occur
what is the function of the air sacs
ventilation –> expansiona nd contraction of the respiratory tract for air intake occurs in air sacs not lung
also lightens
do birds have a diaphragm? in which cavities do the air sacs lie?
no - air sacs lie within the thoracic and abdominal cavities between organs
what air sacs belong to the cranial group?
cervical
clavicular
cranial thoracic
(cervicocephalic)
where does the cervical air sac lie? is it paired?
unpaired
within and adjacent to cervical and thoracic vertebrae
where does the clavicular air sac lie? is it paired?
unpaired, fills thoracic inlet and extent into sternum and humeri
where does the cranial thoracic lie? is it paired?
paired, between sternal ribs, heart and liver
where does the cervicocephalic lie? is it paired?
unpaired, only in some species (strong fliers), extend over head and neck. direct communication with nasal cavity
