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Alia - Chemistry > Lecture 7-Ionic Bonding > Flashcards

Lecture 7-Ionic Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

The attractive force that holds 2/+ atoms together in a molecule

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2
Q

Why do atoms combine?

A

To gain stability

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3
Q

How do e- in atoms distribute themselves?

A

In the most stable/lowest energy configuration

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4
Q

How can a combined molecule achieve lower energy?

A

By rearranging e- between atoms

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5
Q

All element except who show a strong tendency to join with other elements to form compounds/

A

Noble gases

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6
Q

What group of elements obey the 18 e- rule and not the octet rule?

A

Transition metals

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7
Q

The strength of an electrostatic interaction is what?

A
  • Proportional to the size of the charge

- Inversely proportional to distance^2

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8
Q

What operates between 2 atoms when they come close together?

A

Attractive + repulsive forces

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9
Q

When do like charges repel?

A

E-/E- + nucleus/nucleus

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10
Q

When do opposite charges attract?

A

E-/nucleus

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11
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

The ability of an atom to attract toward itself the e- in a chemical bond

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12
Q

What does electronegativity depend on?

A
  • N.O of protons
  • Distance from the nucleus
  • Amount of screening by inner e-
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13
Q

What is the most electronegative element and why?

A

Fluorine

  • Small
  • High nuclear charge
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14
Q

What does covalent bonding show?

A

Polarity of bonds

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15
Q

What does ionic bonding show?

A

Initial transfer of e- + direction

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16
Q

How are ionic bonds formed?

A

When 1/+ e- are FULLY transferred between atoms

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17
Q

Where does ionic bonding take place?

A

Between metals + non-metals

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18
Q

Metal atoms do what to attain noble gas structure?

A

Lose e- —–> cations (positive ions)

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19
Q

Non-metal atoms will do what to attain noble gas structure?

A

Gain e- —–> anions (negative ions)

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20
Q

What does the formation of an ionic bond involve?

A

A DECREASE in energy compared to 2 isolated atoms

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21
Q

The valency of an ion = what?

A

Its charge

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22
Q

Is an ionic bond non-directional?

A

YES

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23
Q

What does non-directionality mean?

A

The strength of the bond depends upon DISTANCE not directions

24
Q

What do ionic compounds dissolve + disassociate in?

A

Polar solvents

25
Q

Are ionic compounds charged overall?

A

NO

26
Q

When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

A

When molten / in solution

27
Q

What do ionic compounds form?

A

Regular crystalline solids with high melting temperatures

28
Q

In an ionic lattice, what is every ion attracted to?

A

All other ions with the opposite charge

29
Q

What is lattice energy?

A

The enthalpy of formation energy change forming 1 mole of ionic solid from its gaseous ions - measures bond strength

30
Q

What factors favour an easy cation formation?

A

Low ionization energy of the METAL

31
Q

What factors favour an easy anion formation?

A
  • High e- affinity/electronegativity of the non-metal
  • Small size of NON-METAL
  • Low charge on ANION
  • Large electronegativity DIFFERENCE between combining atoms
  • High lattice energy of IONIC COMPOUND
32
Q

What ions are smaller than parent ions?

A

Positive ions

33
Q

What is polarisation?

A

Distortion of the e- cloud of an atom

34
Q

How does a small ion have more polarizing power?

A

Higher charge density

35
Q

How does a large ion have great polarizability?

A

Larger its N.O of e-

36
Q

DO anions / cations have more polarising power and why?

A

CATIONS , because they are generally smaller

37
Q

If a negative ion is distorted ,because of polarisation it has what?

A

COVALENT character

38
Q

What is an ideal ionic compound composed of?

A

Completely separate spherical ions

39
Q

When is an ionic compound likely to have covalent character?

A

The cation = small +/ high charge (highly polarising)

The anion = large +/ high charge (highly polarisable)

40
Q

What are polyatomic ions?

A

Ions made up of more than 1 type of atom

41
Q

What type of binding is present in polyatomic ions?

A

Covalent

42
Q

Ammonium

A

NH4+

43
Q

NITRATE

A

NO3-

44
Q

CYANIDE

A

CN-

45
Q

SULFATE

A

SO4 2-

46
Q

HYDROXIDE

A

HO-

47
Q

CARBONATE

A

C03 2-

48
Q

PEROXIDE

A

02 2-

49
Q

PHOSPHATE

A

P04 3-

50
Q

ACETATE

A

CH3CO2-

51
Q

PERMANGENATE

A

Mn04-

52
Q

OXALATE

A

C2O4 2-

53
Q

DICHROMATE

A

CrO7 2-

54
Q

What is the first word of an ionic compound name?

A

The CATION (except ammonium)

55
Q

What is the second word of an ionic compound name?

A

The ANION

56
Q

If the second name of an ionic compound is polyatomic, what does it end in?

A

The name of the polyatomic ion

57
Q

If the second name of an ionic compound is the element what does it end in?

A

-ide

Alia - Chemistry (12 decks)

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