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Pumps Pipes and Electrics > Lecture 7 heart failure and hypertension > Flashcards

Lecture 7 heart failure and hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What is heart failure?

A

the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the demands of the body

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2
Q

What are the risk factors for CHF

A
  • CAD
  • HTN
  • MI
  • Smoking
  • Diabetes
  • obesity
  • Heart valve disease
  • cardiomyopathy
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3
Q

What is left-sided heart failure?

A
  • Most common type of HF
  • left ventricle does’nt pump properly
  • blood does not reach the body effectively
  • back up of blood in the pulmonary system
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4
Q

What is right sided heart failure?

A
  • right side cant pump blood properly

- usually caused by LSHF / lung pathology

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5
Q

Explain systolic heart failure?

A
  • cardiac muscle is weakened

- less blood pumped out of the ventricles

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6
Q

Explain diastolic heart failure?

A
  • stiff myocardium cant relax normally

- ventricles are unable to fully relax

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7
Q

How is HF measured

A

New york classification scale

I-IV

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8
Q

How does an ECG suggest HF?

A

QRS dispersion

QT dispersion along V1-V6

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9
Q

How does a CxR indicate HF?

A

cardiomegaly

fluid in the lungs

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10
Q

What bloods indicate HF?

A

presence of BNP ( released from ventricular muscle )

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11
Q

How can an Echo distinguish between types of HF?

A

systolic is distinguished from diastolic by measuring ejection fraction

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12
Q

What is ejection fraction

A

Amount of blood pumped by ventricle / amount of blood in the ventricles

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13
Q

What does a reduced ejection fraction show?

A

-systolic heart failure

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14
Q

What does a perserved ejection fraction show?

A
  • diastolic heart failure

- normal contraction but filling is impaired

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15
Q

Symptoms of left-sided HF?

A
  • dyspnoea
  • SOB
  • orthnopea
  • fatigue
  • wheeze / chronic cough
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16
Q

Symptoms of right-sided HF?

A
  • SOB
  • raised JVP
  • pitting oedema
  • ascites
  • hepatomegaly
17
Q

What is HTN a risk factor for?

A
  • stroke
  • MI
  • CKD
  • HF
  • Cognitive decline
18
Q

What is essential HTN?

A
  • idiopathic
  • linked to genetic/ obesity / diet/ lack of excercise
  • 95% of HTN cases
19
Q

What is secondary HTN?

A

Underlying primary cause:

  • endocrine disease
  • kidney disease
  • tumours
  • 5% of HTN cases
20
Q

What is stage 1 HTN

A

BP > 140/90 Hgmm

21
Q

What is stage 2 HTN

A

BP > 160/100

22
Q

What is stage 3 HTN

A

clinic BP > 180

23
Q

What are the three key population priorities for HTN?

A
  • Diagnosis.
  • Initiating and monitoring antihypertensive drug treatment.
  • Choosing antihypertensive drug treatment
24
Q

How is the diagnosis of HTN confirmed?

A

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring

Home blood pressure monitoring

Pumps Pipes and Electrics (12 decks)

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