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Anatomy > Lecture 7--forearm Cont > Flashcards

Lecture 7--forearm Cont Flashcards

0
Q

What would you see if you had a fracture at the distal humerus and it severs, compresses or damages the median nerve?

A

The hand of benediction. They can partially flex digits 4 and 5, but their thumb and digits two and three are unable to flex.

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1
Q

How do you get compartment syndrome

A

Thick antebrachial fascia helps pump blood in the veins back to the heart but this can cause compartment syndrome. Fascia limits the expansion and cuts off blood supply which impacts the nerve supply and impacts the muscles.

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2
Q

What is the only muscle that does flexion at the dips

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

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3
Q

How does an injured anterior interosseous nerve affect the thumb?

A

Flexor pollicis longus goes to the distal phalanx of the thumb. If you ask the patient to make the okay sign they will go pad to pad instead of tip to tip.

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4
Q

What muscles allows us to flex the fingers independently of one another

A

Flexor digitorum supeficialis.

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5
Q

All muscles of the posterior compartment of the forearm are Innervated by what

A

The radial nerve, deep branch of radial nerve, superficial radial nerve, and posterior interosseous brwnch of the deep branch of the radial nerve.

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6
Q

What is lateral epicondylitis known as

A

Tennis elbow

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7
Q

What muscles do not cross the wrist of the extensors

A

Supinator and brachioradialis

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8
Q

What is special about the brachioradialis

A

It does elbow flexion. It is rotated anteriorly and goes anterior to the elbow joint. This means that clinically if the musculocutaneous nerve is injured and you loose input to the anterior compartment of the arm, you can still have elbow flexion. If you lose your radial nerve you can still have elbow flexion due to the pronator teres.

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9
Q

Tendons of the extensor Carpi radialis longus and brevis are covered by what muscles

A

Abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

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10
Q

What compartment are the extensor Carpi radialis longus and brevis deep to the extensor retinaculum

A

2nd compartment

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11
Q

What muscle is medial to the extensor digitorum

A

Extensor digiti minimi

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12
Q

What compartment is the extensor digitorum in

A

4th compartment

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13
Q

What compartment is the extensor digiti minimi in

A

5th compartment

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14
Q

What compartment is the ecu tendon in

A

6th compartment

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15
Q

What passes between the heads of the supinator

A

The deep branch of the radial nerve

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16
Q

What compartment is the tendon of abductor pollicis longus in

A

1st compartment

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17
Q

What compartment is the extensor pollicis brevis tendon in

A

1st compartment

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18
Q

What compartment is the extensor pollicis longus tendon in

A

3rd compartment

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19
Q

What compartment is the extensor indices tendon in

A

4th compartment

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20
Q

Descends deep to the pronator teres and then the fcu with the ulnar nerve.

A

Ulnar artery

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21
Q

What are the three structures that go superficial to the flexor retinaculum

A

Ulnar nerve and artery as well as the palmaris longus.

Flexor Carpi ulnaris as well passes superficial and lateral

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22
Q

Branches of the ulnar artery

A

Anterior ulnar collateral– going to inferior ulnar collateral
Posterior ulnar collateral– going to superior ulnar collateral.
Then becomes a common interosseous. It gives off a posterior and anterior interosseous artery as well as a common recurrent artery.
Dorsal and palmar branches

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23
Q

What branches does the profunda brachii give off

A 
Radial collateral (anterior)
Middle collateral (posterior)
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24
Q

What does the anterior interosseous artery run with

A

The anterior interosseous nerve from the median nerve

25
Q

Descends deep to the brachioradialis and then sits on the posterior surface of the radius. Takes a superficial course and then leaves the forearm by winding around the lateral aspect of the wrist crossing the floor of the anatomical snuff box.

A

Radial artery

26
Q

Branches of the radial artery

A

Radial recurrent artery

Dorsal and palmar carpal branches.

27
Q

Superior ulnar collateral runs ____

A

Posterior to the medial epicondyle

28
Q

Inferior collateral artery runs ____

A

Anterior to the medial epicondyle

29
Q

Radial artery think___

Ulnar artery think ___

A

Brachioradialis

Flexor Carpi ulnaris

30
Q

Descends from the medial aspect of the forearm in the subcutaneous tissue to the wrist

A

Medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

31
Q

The medial antebrachial nerve is sensory to..

A

The medial aspect of the forearm

32
Q

Termination of the musculocutaneous

A

Lateral antebrahial cutaneous nerve

33
Q

Emerges lateral to the biceps on the Brachialis, descends along the lateral border of the forearm. Once of the three structures we pick up around the snuffbox.

A

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

34
Q

What are the structures found in the snuff box

A

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous
Superficial radial nerve
Cephalic vein

35
Q

Runs next to the brachial artery. Passes between the heads of the pronator teres, descends deep to the FDS and passes deep to the flexor retinaculum through the carpal tunnel and into the hand.

A

Median nerve

36
Q

Carpal tunnel is caused by problems with what nerve

A

Median nerve

37
Q

Distribution of the median nerve

A

Motor to anterior portion of the forearm except FCU and half of FDP.

38
Q

Passes between the heads of the FCU, descends deep to the FCU, and passes superficially to the flexor retinaculum and into the hand.

A

Ulnar nerve

39
Q

Distribution of the ulnar nerve

A

Motor to FCU and half of FDP

40
Q

Radial nerve is by what structure

A

Lateral epicondyle it’s anterior to the elbow joint

41
Q

Divides into the superficial and deep branches at the level of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus.

A

Radial nerve

42
Q

Course of the deep branch of the radial nerve

A

Winds around the neck of the radius between the heads of the supinator and then becomes the posterior interosseous nerve, enters the posterior compartment, and terminates as the posterior interosseous nerve that passes inferiorly between the superficial and deep muscle groups.

43
Q

The superficial radial nerve is deep to the

A

Brachioradialis in the distal 3rd of the forearm and then peaks itself superficially.

44
Q

Describe the course of the superficial radial nerve

A

The lateral antebrachial cutaneous runs with the cephalic vein and the superficial radial nerve is deep to the brachioradialis then peaks superficially towards the snuffbox.

45
Q

Distribution of the radial nerve

A

Motor to the posterior compartment muscles and sensory to the posterior aspect of the forearm.

46
Q

What are the structures that pass the flexor retinaculum

A

Superficial: palmaris longus, ulnar artery and nerve, FCU tendon
Deep: carpal tunnel, compartment for the FCR tendon

47
Q

What does the carpal tunnel contain

A

Tendons of the FDS, FDP, FPL and the median nerve (9tendons in here)

48
Q

Boundaries of the snuffbox

A

Lateral: abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
Medial: extensor pollicis longus tendon.

49
Q

Contents of the snuffbox

A

Deep within the snuffbox is the radial artery. The cephalic vein is superficial as well as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, and superficial branch of the radial nerve.

50
Q

Describe the palmar aponeurosis

A

Continuous with the flexor retinaculum and the palmaris longus tendon. Located in the central part of the palm overlying the long flexor tendons. Inferiorly or distally forms 4 longitudinal bands that become continuous with what we have on our digits that are called fibrous digital sheaths.

51
Q

Extend from the medial border to the 5th metacarpal

A

Medial fibrous septum

52
Q

Extends from the lateral border to the 3rd metacarpal

A

Lateral fibrous septum

53
Q

Overlies the interossei and surrounds the adductor pollicis

A

Adductor interossei fascia

54
Q

What is dupuytren’s contracture

A

Shortening and thickening of the palmar aponeurosis

55
Q

What are fibrous digital sheaths

A

They are continuous with the palmar aponeurosis. They extend from the head of the metacarpals to the bases of the distal phalanges. They attach along either side of the bones and create osseofibrous tunnels for our flexor tendons.

56
Q

What is trigger finger

A

Narrowing of the osseofibrous tunnels

57
Q

What tendons do the digital sheaths enclose

A

Digital sheaths 2-4 enclose FDS& FDP. digital sheath 1 encloses the FPL

58
Q

Triangular aponeurosis that wraps around the dorsum and sides of the metacarpal and proximal phalanx. Divides into a median band that passes to the base of the middle phalanx and two lateral bands that veer off that pass to the bad of the distal phalanx.

A

Extensor expansions.

59
Q

What do the extensor expansions do

A

Hold the extensor tendons in place.

60
Q

What is mallet finger

A

You tear the distal attachment of the dip and you get flexion at the dip.

61
Q

Where is the hood of the extensor expansion

A

Towards the mcp joint

Anatomy (7 decks)

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