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Anatomy > Lecture 6--Elbow Arthrology > Flashcards

Lecture 6--Elbow Arthrology Flashcards

0
Q

Is an outward angulation of a distal segment

A

Valgus

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1
Q

There are at least ____ muscles that cross the elbow, but only one acts exclusively at the elbow, this is _____.

A

15

Brachialis.

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2
Q

Is an inward angulation of a distal segment–distal segments go in.

A

Varies

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3
Q

Natural valgus angle, distal segment more lateral than proximal and the joint appears at an angle.

A

Carrying angle

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4
Q

Articulations of the elbow

A

Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Proximal radioulnar

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5
Q

What are the ligaments of the elbow joint

A

Radial collateral ligament

Ulnar collateral ligament

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6
Q

Is a lateral strong fan shaped ligament. It goes from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and blends distally with the annular ligament of the radius.

A

Radial collateral ligament

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7
Q

Reinforces the capsule and resists varus (medial to lateral) stress

A

Radial collateral ligament

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8
Q

Triangular shaped ligament with three different bands. It goes from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna.

A

Ulnar collateral ligament

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9
Q

What are the three different bands of the ulnar collateral ligament

A

Anterior cord is the strongest
Posterior is fan like and is the weakest
Oblique or transverse band exists to deepen the socket.

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10
Q

This ligament resists valgus stress at the elbow.

A

Ulnar collateral ligament

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11
Q

What happens if you have a constant valgus stress?

A

Tendinitis. The length changes and it gets looser, and you get inflammation markers which kicks off the healing process but you don’t get healing you get inflammation cycle. Eventually you can get fraying and possible rapture.

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12
Q

Describe tommy john surgery

A

Named for originating patient.
Performed by team physician frank Jobe in 1974
Transplant of long tendon from elsewhere in the body and woven in a figure 8 through drilled holes in the medial epicondyle and lateral aspect of the coronoid process. Full rehab is a year for pitchers and six months for other field players with no throwing motions. One third of active mlb players have had this surgery done.

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13
Q

What happens during pitching

A

There is a big lateral thrust against the wrist to the elbow and it causes a gap. There is valgus force while pitching.

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14
Q

Works to contain tendons and keep them from bowstringing

A

Extensor retinaculum

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15
Q

Anterior and distal thickening at the same level as the extensor retinaculum

A

Palmar carpal ligament

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16
Q

Thickening just distal and deep to the palmar carpal ligament. Forms the carpal tunnel

A

Flexor retinaculum

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17
Q

Is the interosseous membrane continuous with the antebrachial fascia?

A

Nope

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18
Q

Collagen fibers predominately pass from the radius to the ulna inferiority and obliquely

A

Interosseous membrane

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19
Q

What is the function of the interosseous membrane

A

Connects bones without hindering pronation/supination, transfers closed chain forces from the radius to the ulna, and provides attachment space for forearm musculature.

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20
Q

What are the contents of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

Flexor/pronator muscles of the forearm

Most vascular and neural elements

21
Q

Rule of the anterior compartment of the forearm

A

All of the flexors and pronators are Innervated by the median nerve except 1.5 by the ulnar nerve.

22
Q

What’s in the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

Extensor/supinator muscles

Has less vascular and neural elements

23
Q

All muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm are Innervated by the

A

Radial nerve

24
Q

What are the cubital fossa borders

A

Roof– subcutaneous tissue and deep fascia and bicipital aponeurosis
Superior– line connecting medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus.
Medial– pronator teres
Lateral– brachioradialis
Floor– Brachialis and supinator

25
Q

Contents of the cubital fossa

A

Veins (cephalic, basilic, median, and cubital), biceps brachii tendon, brachial artery, median nerve.

26
Q

Describe the cubital tunnel

A

Enclosed by the medial epicondyle of the humerus, olecranon of the ulna, tendinous origin of the flexor Carpi ulnarks muscle, the floor includes elements of the joint capsule like the mcl and capsular fibers.

27
Q

Contents if cubital tunnel

A

The ulnar nerve and it is very exposed. It is the funny bond

28
Q

What is in guyon’s canal

A

Ulnar nerve and artery

29
Q

What are the articulations of the carpus

A

Radio carpal
Intercarpal
Carpometacarpal

30
Q

The radio carpal joint excludes what bone

A

The pisiform

31
Q

What plane do abduction and adduction of the thumb happen in

A

Sagittal

32
Q

Articulations of the metacarpus

A

Carpometacarpal
Intermetacarpal
Metacarpophalangeal

33
Q

Describe boxers fracture

A

The fifth metacarpal has a fracture. 92% we’re males and over 60% were from intentional punches.

34
Q

Articulations of the phalanges

A

Metacarpophalangeal

Interphalangeal

35
Q

The median nerve passes between the two heads of what muscle as it enters the forearm?

A

Pronator teres

36
Q

Radial artery lies lateral to what tendon

A

Flexor Carpi radialis tendon

37
Q

Is the flexor Carpi radialis in the carpal tunnel

A

No, it passes within its own synovial sheath in a separate compartment formed by the flexor retinaculum on the lateral side of the wrist.

38
Q

The palmaris longus is absent in

A

About 14% of people

39
Q

What two muscles pass superficial instead of deep to the flexor retinaculum?

A

Palmaris longus and flexor carpi ulnaris

40
Q

At the wrist the median nerve lies lateral to what tendon

A

Palmaris longus tendon

41
Q

The ulnar nerve passes between the two proximal insertions of what muscle

A

Flexor Carpi ulnaris

42
Q

At the wrist the ulnar nerve and artery pass laterally to what tendon

A

Flexor Carpi ulnaris tendon

43
Q

Describe guyon’s canal

A

The medial border is the pisiform so the tendon insets on the pisiform and neural and vascular structures are just lateral to that. The ulnar nerve and artery are in here. Abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis form the lateral border.

44
Q

The median nerve and ulnar artery enter the forearm by passing between the humeroulnar and radial heads of what muscle

A

Flexor digitorum supeficialis

45
Q

The anterior interosseous nerve and artery descend between what muscles

A

Flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus

46
Q

Flexor pollicis longus is ____ to the flexor digitorum profundus

A

Lateral

47
Q

What is the only muscle that attaches only to the radius on one end and only to the ulna on the other

A

Pronator quadratus

48
Q

Anterior interosseous artery pierces the interosseous membrane at the proximal border of what muscle

A

Pronator quadratus

49
Q

Describe golfer’s elbow

A

If there is too much stress to the musculature, it can cause medial epicondyle tendinitis. From the top of the swing you throw your elbow down and create stress in the musculature.

50
Q

What are the two branches of the ulnar artery that anastomose with branches of the brachial artery?

A

Anterior ulnar recurrent–> inferior ulnar collateral artery
Posterior ulnar recurrent–> superior ulnar collateral artery

Anatomy (7 decks)

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