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FLS > Lecture 7: Connective Tissue, Tandler > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Connective Tissue, Tandler Flashcards

1
Q

What are three types of connective tissue?

A
  1. Fibrous CT
  2. Cartilage/bone
  3. Blood
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2
Q

What are 4 functions of fibrous connective tissue?

A
  1. Support (physical and nutritional whereby all blood vessels and lymphatics are lined by fibrou CT)
  2. Defense: Immune responses
  3. Repair: Scar formation
  4. Directs embryonic processes–>tells epithelium what to do, and involved in crystallization of hydroxyapatite
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3
Q

What two molecules comprise hyaluoronic acid?

A

Glucosamine

Glucuronic acid

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4
Q

What are three components of fibrous CT?

A
  1. Fibers
  2. Cells
  3. Tissue fluid
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5
Q

What are the three types of fibers that constitute the fiber of fibrous CT?

A

1) Collagenous fibers
2) Reticular fibers (variant of collagen)
3) Elastic fibers

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6
Q

The fibers of fibrous CT are in a medium called matrix. What comprises this matrix? (3 things)

A
  1. Polysaccharide molecules
  2. Ground substance
  3. Water
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7
Q

What does the complex 3D structure of fibrous CT contribute to in terms of defense in the cell?

A

It makes the matrix very viscous, which prevents the diffusion in CT of invaders.

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8
Q

What type of stain is used for fibrous CT to see the ground substance? What molecule does it stain? What color will the cells appear that are stained?

A

Periodic Acid Stain (PAS stain); it stains carbohydrates, there will be a pinkish background in which the cells are embedded

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9
Q

The ground substance of fibrous CT displays a phenomenon called metachromasia with a metachromatic dye. What is everything but the matrix colored with this dye? What color is the matrix?

A

Everything but the matrix is is blue, but the matrix is violet

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10
Q

What are the 5 cell types in fibrous CT?

A

1) Fibroblasts (most abundant)
2. Fat cells (energy storage)
3. Macrophages (phagocytic)
4. Mast cells (release histamine)
5. Lymphocytes (change in plasma cells that produce antibodies)

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11
Q

What is the tissue fluid mixed with for fibrous CT?

A

Matrix

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12
Q

With loose CT (aka areolar CT), how are the fibers arranged? How much space is between adjacent cells? Where is the tissue found in the body (hint: trick question)?

A

The fibers are scattered, there is a lot of space in between adjacent cells. This tissue is found all over the body.

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13
Q

With dense CT, how much space is between cells compared to the amount of fibers?

A

There’s more material (i.e. fibers) between the cells than there is space

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14
Q

How are the fibers arranged for dense irregular fibrous CT?

A

Scattered-pointing in all directions

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15
Q

Dense regular fibrous CT: where is it located?

A

In tendons, and to a lesser degree ligaments

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16
Q

How is the cytoplasm of fibroblasts described?

A

Long but thin

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17
Q

What does the protein formed by fibroblasts ultimately make?

A

Collagen

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18
Q

What type of cell is the second largest collagen producer?

A

Bone

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19
Q

Where do you find type 2 collagen? What type of cell makes Type IV collagen? (Also a trick question)

A

Cartilage; IV made by non-CT cell

20
Q

How does CT help in tissue repair?

A

Capillaries and fibroblasts grow into the damaged area, where the fibroblasts produce collagen (making granulation tissue)

21
Q

All molecules in the matrix are synthesized by what cell type?

A

Fibroblasts

22
Q

What body system are fibroblasts related to?

A

Endocrine system

23
Q

Name the four functions of fat cells

A

1) Storage for fuel
2) Insulation
3) Fill crevasses (i.e. swimmers)
4) Cushion (bottom of feet)

24
Q

When do monocytes become macrophages?

A

When they leave blood vessels and “crawl” into CT

25
Q

What are two big roles of of macrophages?

A

1) phagocytosis

2) Role in immune response

26
Q

What is prominent physically about macrophages when they are stained?

A

Lysosomal enzymes

27
Q

Why are mast cells easy to identify?

A

There are numerous big secretory granules

28
Q

What two chemicals are present in mast cells?

A

Heparin, histamine

29
Q

What does heparin do?

A

It is an anti-coagulant: keeps blood fluid and lets red blood cells pass freely through small blood vessels

30
Q

What is a foreign body giant cell comprised of? What does it do?

A

100s of macrophages; encompasses large offending material

31
Q

What does histamine do to blood vessels? What type of condition is this associated with?

A

Causes vasoconstriction-happens with anaphylactic shock.

32
Q

What causes B lymphocytes to become plasma cells?

A

After they contact antigens, after which antibodies must be produced

33
Q

Why are plasma cells able to be visualized easily with a light microscope?

A

Nuclei

34
Q

What cell has a “cartwheel nucleus”?

A

Lymphocytes

35
Q

How do T lymphocytes work? What particular immunity are they associated with?

A

They attack foreign material (such as a heart transplant); they are associated with cellular immunity

36
Q

What is the most abundant fiber in the body?

A

Collagenous fiber

37
Q

Where are collagenous fibers synthesized, and by what?

A

Synthesized by rER in fibroblasts

38
Q

What is the function of collagenous fibers?

A

Provides tensile strength to tissue that increases the strength of bones

39
Q

What type of collagen is reticular fiber a variant of?

A

Type 1 collagen

40
Q

In what system do you find reticular fibers? How do you stain it?

A

Lymphatic system; stains with silver

41
Q

Is there periodicity to Reticular fibers? How does it compare to Type 1 collagen?

A

It has the same periodicity as type 1 collagen, “just finer”

42
Q

What do elastic fibers do to organs?

A

Provides elasticity

43
Q

Where do you mainly find elastic fibers?

A

1) Skin
2) Large blood vessels
3) Aorta
4) Lungs

44
Q

What are the two main components of elastic fibers?

A

1) Microfibrils (initial structures in production of elastic fibers)
2) Amorphous material (this is the main stretching component of elastic fibers)

45
Q

What are the two unique amino acids found in elastin, which provide the stretch to elastin?

A

1) desmosine

2) isodesmosine

46
Q

Why do immature elastic fibers have this name?

A

They never develop amorphous material

FLS (11 decks)

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